Chemical characteristics of precipitation in Okinawa Island, Japan

Sakihama, Hideaki; Ishiki, Maki; Tokuyama, Akira

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.026

Cited by 67 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The average pH of the samples during NAO airmasses was noticed as 6.96 (Table 1) which was the third highest among all the clusters. Alkaline precipitation has been reported globally for airmasses originated from ocean (Sakihama et al, 2008;Satyanarayana et al, 2010). The average pH can be explained based on nssSO 4 2-/nssCa 2+ and NO 3 -/nssCa 2+ ratios given in Fig.…”

Section: Clusterwise Chemical Composition Of Snowmeltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Range Transport and Wet Deposition Fluxes of Major Chemical Species in Snow at Gulmarg in North Western Himalayas (India)

Kumar

Singh

Gupta

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The study reports snow chemistry and long range transport of pollutants at Gulmarg in north-western Himalayan region of India during winters of 2012-2013. The pH of snowmelt varied between 5.16 and 7.68 with an average of 5.90. The frequency distribution of pH of snowmelt showed that the maximum number of samples (31%) had pH between 6.81 and 7.20. However, 12% samples were observed to be acidic (below 5.6 respectively. Both local emissions as well as long range transport (LRT) of pollutants were found to be the sources of these ionic species. Backward airmass trajectory calculations showed that this site received airmasses from six major sectors i.e., i) North Atlantic Ocean origin (NAO), ii) African origin (Af), iii) Middle East origin (ME), iv) European origin (Eu), v) Western India origin (InW), vi) Pakistan origin (Pk). The highest average pH (7.58) of the snowfall was noticed during InW airmasses which had the lowest ratios of nssSO 4 2-/nssCa 2+ and NO 3 -/nssCa 2+ . Very high pH has been observed in precipitation samples at Indian sites due to buffering of acidic components by atmospheric dust rich in CaCO 3 . The lowest pH (4.94) was noticed for ME airmasses which had the highest nssSO 4 2-/nssCa 2+ and NO 3 -/nssCa 2+ ratios. Data of present study was compared with a study reported almost three decades ago. We noticed a drastic increase in the concentrations of anthropogenic components such as nssSO 4 2-(114%), NO 3 -(109%) and NH 4 + (90%). This is probably due to increase in LRT of pollutants as well as local activities during past three decades.

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Section: Clusterwise Chemical Composition Of Snowmeltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Range Transport and Wet Deposition Fluxes of Major Chemical Species in Snow at Gulmarg in North Western Himalayas (India)

Kumar

Singh

Gupta

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Sakihama et al [12] showed that pH of precipitation was controlled by neutralization process in Okinawa Island.…”

Section: Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Land Use Activities on Spatial and Temporal Variation of Nutrient Deposition in Mwanza Region: Implication to the Atmospheric Loading to the Lake Victoria

Vuai¹,

Ibembe²,

Mungai³

2013

ACS

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Increase in population growth and the associated activities have increased the nutrient input to the Lake Victoria through atmosphere and river discharge. Atmospheric input of nutrient is believed to exceed that of river discharge due to relatively higher contribution of water mass to the Lake from atmosphere. However, precipitation characteristics with respect to nutrients have not been well studied to allow qualification and quantification of atmospheric contribution to the Lake Victoria. This study was conducted to investigate influence of land use activities on spatial and temporal variation of nutrient inputs from atmosphere and to estimate atmospheric loading to the Lake Victoria. The results revealed that there is significant spatial and temporal variation of nutrient deposition in the study area. High concentrations of nutrients were observed during short rains starting from September to December. This was attributed to dissolution of nutrients from soil particals and ash residues due to biomass burning accumulated in the atmosphere during dry season of June to August. Spatial variation of nutrients reflects land use activities. Urban and peri-urban areas showed very high concentration of nitrate nitrogen due to industrial and vehicle emission while rural area showed high concentration of phosphorous species and reduced forms of nitrogen species reflecting agricultural activities and animal keeping. Generally, nutrient deposition load was higher in rural area compared to urban with respective values of 15.5 and 13.9 kg·ha −1 ·y −1 for total nitrogen and 6.1 and 2.8 kg·ha·y −1 for total phosphorous. These results suggest that in order to realize significant reduction of nutrient input to the Lake Victoria, measures should be taken to control agricultural activities through proper land use planning. The measure may be directed to reduce biomass burning, emission from industries and vehicle as well as animal residue.

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“…In this study, we found that the weekly concentrations of endotoxin in coarse particles collected in October 2014 was high (Tables 2, 3). Furthermore, the concentrations of coarse particles and Na + and Cl − were high in October 2014 (Tables 2, 4), and the concentrations of endotoxin in coarse particles were weakly positively associated with Na + in coarse particles ( 26) These results suggest that seawater particles were blown up into the air by a typhoon. Two typhoons approached to the Kyushu region in October 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Seasonal Fluctuation of Endotoxin and Protein Concentrations in Outdoor Air in Sasebo, Japan

Khan

Coulibaly

Abe

et al. 2018

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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To determine the levels of endotoxin, which is a major component of outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and protein in the atmosphere in Sasebo, Japan, we measured these biological materials in fine (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) and coarse (≥2. ). However, the monthly protein concentrations were higher in fine particles than in coarse particles. Compared to the endotoxin concentrations, the fluctuations in the monthly protein concentrations were smaller in both coarse and fine particles. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report long-term atmospheric concentrations of endotoxin and protein in Japan. Since the endotoxin concentrations in coarse particles were positively associated with the concentrations of Na and Cl , it suggests the involvement of Gram-negative bacteria from seawater to the endotoxin levels in the atmosphere. For fine particles, the protein concentrations were positively associated with the concentrations of particles, NO 3 and SO 4 2 . These results suggest that combustion of organic materials, such as biomass burning, may be a contributor to atmospheric protein during this study period.

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Chemical characteristics of precipitation in Okinawa Island, Japan

Cited by 67 publications

References 42 publications

Long Range Transport and Wet Deposition Fluxes of Major Chemical Species in Snow at Gulmarg in North Western Himalayas (India)

Long Range Transport and Wet Deposition Fluxes of Major Chemical Species in Snow at Gulmarg in North Western Himalayas (India)

Influence of Land Use Activities on Spatial and Temporal Variation of Nutrient Deposition in Mwanza Region: Implication to the Atmospheric Loading to the Lake Victoria

Seasonal Fluctuation of Endotoxin and Protein Concentrations in Outdoor Air in Sasebo, Japan

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