Chemical Characteristics of Selected Grass Species from Polish Meadows and Their Potential Utilization for Energy Generation Purposes

Waliszewska, Bogusława; Grzelak, M.; Gaweł, E.; Spek-Dźwigała, Agnieszka; Sieradzka, A.; Czekała, Wojciech

doi:10.3390/en14061669

Cited by 46 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The composition of the raw yellow thatching grass, as shown in Table I, was 33 % cellulose, 25 % hemicellulose and 24 % lignin, comparable to other grass species reported in literature [31]. After pulping with NaOH, the cellulose composition increased by 85 % and a delignification of 59 % delignification was achieved.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Samplessupporting

confidence: 79%

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Fractionation of Yellow Thatching Grass (Hyparrhenia filipendula) for Sugar Production Using Combined Alkaline and Deep Eutectic Solvent Pretreatment

Masuku

Ayaa

Onyelucheya

et al. 2023

Waste Biomass Valor

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Biomass pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the most viable ways to obtain sugars from biomass. In this work, the effect combined alkaline pretreatment and Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) on enzyme hydrolysis of Hyparrhenia filipendula by cellulase is investigated. There is no previously reported literature on this substrate and the authors aim to establish baseline values for further research in the utilization of Hyparrhenia filipendula. MethodsThe yellow thatching grass (Hyparrhenia filipendula) was fractionated with a combination of alkaline and Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) to increase sugar recovery. An alkaline solution of 10 wt % (w/v) of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) was used for the first stage of pretreatment at 100 °C for 4 h. Three DES, namely, Choline chloride (ChCl): urea; ChCl: glycerol; and Ethylene glycol: Citric acid at 1:2 molar ratio each, were heated to 80 °C until a clear solution was formed. The DESs were used for the second stage of pretreatment at 110 °C for 6 h in a Parr reactor. During the pretreatment, a solid: solvent ratio of 1:10 was used for the first and second stages of pre-treatment. Enzymatic hydrolysis was accomplished with a cellulase enzyme blend, Cellic CTec2, in a 50 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.8) at 50 °C using a shaking incubator at a speed of 150 rpm. A solid loading of 2 % and enzyme dosage of 50 g/100 g cellulose in the sample was used for all the experiments. Furthermore, samples were withdrawn every 24 hours for 7 days and analyzed for glucose and xylose using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). ResultsA high delignification of 90 % and hemicellulose removal of 70 % was achieved with a combination of Alkali and ChCl: Urea pretreatment. Subsequently, the highest glucose and xylose conversion of 90 % and 92 % were observed, respectively, with the same sample. Additionally, the highest glucose yield achieved was 25 gL -1 from the combined alkaline/ChCl: Glycerol treated sample after 120 h. Moreover, the highest xylose yield was 3 gL -1 from the raw sample, the NaOH-pulped sample, and the ChCl: Glycerol-treated sample. ConclusionThe results from this study demonstrated that the solvents used for fractionating biomass have a significant effect on the sugar recovery during enzymatic hydrolysis. Also, the pretreatment with a combination of NaOH and DES of ChCl: Glycerol was the most effective for the recovery of glucose and total sugar. In conclusion, yellow thatching grass is a promising substrate for bio-refineries. However, the ideal conditions for enzyme hydrolysis should be investigated further to promote its utilization for value-added products.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of the Samplessupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The extractives in the yellow thatching grass is approximately 17 %, comparable to values reported by other authors for similar species [31]. However, this study has a significant limitation in that the NREL/TP-510-42619 procedure [34] was not strictly followed to determine extractives in the yellow thatching grass.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Samplessupporting

confidence: 76%

Fractionation of Yellow Thatching Grass (Hyparrhenia filipendula) for Sugar Production Using Combined Alkaline and Deep Eutectic Solvent Pretreatment

Masuku

Ayaa

Onyelucheya

et al. 2023

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…They are arranged parallel to each other and are joined together with hydrogen bonds [9]. The amount of cellulose in plant species depends on many factors, such as the species type, the plant age, the growing conditions, and the part of the plant [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Natural Cellulose from Oxytenanthera abyssinica (Lowland Ethiopian Bamboo) Using Alkali Peroxide Bleaching Stages Followed by Aqueous Chlorite in Buffer Solution

Abate

Bachheti

Tadesse

2022

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Plants are the primary sources of cellulose. This paper is aimed at isolating cellulose from Oxytenanthera abyssinica via chemical treatments. The thermal behavior, functional group, chemical composition, crystallinity, and morphology of raw (ROA), dewaxed (DOA), alkali-treated (AOA), and bleached (BOA) fibers were examined. TGA, FTIR, DSC, DTA, XRD, and SEM were used for characterization techniques. The effects of chemical treatments were examined by determining the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash. The cellulose content in the ROA improved from 49.26 ± 0.13 wt% to 86.01 ± 0.02 wt% due to the removal of noncellulose components using waxing, alkali treatment, and bleaching with alkali peroxide bleaching stages followed by aqueous chlorite in buffer solution. The highest content of cellulose and holocellulose was exhibited in the BOA samples with a yield of 86.01 ± 0.02 wt% and 97.61 ± 0.17 wt%, respectively. ROA had greater hemicellulose ( 21.31 ± 0.15 wt%), lignin ( 20.63 ± 0.12 wt%), and ash content ( 3.30 ± 0.11 wt%) in comparison to AOA and BOA. The XRD data showed a change in crystallinity after each treatment. Because of the high amount of crystalline cellulose, the XRD results revealed that BOA has a higher crystallinity index (CrI) (59.89%) and peak intensity than AOA, DOA, and ROA. The strength of the FTIR peaks increased in the order of ROA, DOA, AOA, and BOA, indicating that pretreatment causes hemicellulose and lignin to be gradually removed from the Oxytenanthera abyssinica fiber. The TGA, DTG, DTA, and DSC data also confirmed that BOA has the highest thermal stability due to the high content of cellulose. The SEM analysis showed a morphological change in the surface due to chemical treatment. These results confirmed that through chemical pretreatment, a high amount of cellulose was produced from Oxytenanthera abyssinica. Even though Oxytenanthera abyssinica is commonly grown in Ethiopia, few studies have been done on it, and no works have been carried out to isolate and characterize cellulose from the plant. Thus, the findings in this work will encourage researchers to use Oxytenanthera abyssinica as a source of cellulose for various applications, including the manufacture of cellulose nanocrystals, polymer matrix biofilters, green biocomposite reinforcing agents, and hydrogel synthesis.

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“…As mentioned in the Introduction, plant ash, due to its contents of micro and macroelements, may be used as a fertilizer, especially on depleted, extensively managed soils [76]. According to some authors, the aboveground parts of sedges contained from 4.2% to 7.3% minerals [77][78][79]. Murawski et al [80] recorded 6.5-7.1% mineral substances in grasses and sedges harvested from extensively managed meadows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Contents in Aboveground Biomass of Sedges (Carex L., Cyperaceae)

et al. 2021

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The importance of mineral elements, both in animal and plant nutrition, has been well recognized, but, in the case of sedges, the mineral composition is relatively poorly known. Studies usually relate to the content of the elements in sedge communities, or sward or hay communities with sedge participation, and rarely of Carex representatives. The objective of our study was to determine the concentrations of C, N, Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Si, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cr and Ni in the biomass of 11 Carex species commonly occurring on natural sites of Central European lowland. Interspecific differentiations have been observed in concentrations of the major and trace elements among studied sedge species. The elemental composition of examined Carex species is diversified but generally similar to the composition of grasses. The study shows that sedges can increase fodder value and, therefore, they should be considered in meadow management as a valuable component of economically important meadow communities. Moreover, the data reported herein can be used for modelling the phytoaccumulation of various elements in the biomass of sedges. This will help in creating different patches suitable for obtaining adequate fodder. Our results can supplement current knowledge concerning the fodder value of meadows with sedge participation.

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Chemical Characteristics of Selected Grass Species from Polish Meadows and Their Potential Utilization for Energy Generation Purposes

Cited by 46 publications

References 33 publications

Fractionation of Yellow Thatching Grass (Hyparrhenia filipendula) for Sugar Production Using Combined Alkaline and Deep Eutectic Solvent Pretreatment

Fractionation of Yellow Thatching Grass (Hyparrhenia filipendula) for Sugar Production Using Combined Alkaline and Deep Eutectic Solvent Pretreatment

Isolation and Characterization of Natural Cellulose from Oxytenanthera abyssinica (Lowland Ethiopian Bamboo) Using Alkali Peroxide Bleaching Stages Followed by Aqueous Chlorite in Buffer Solution

Mineral Contents in Aboveground Biomass of Sedges (Carex L., Cyperaceae)

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