Chemical Characteristics, Size Distributions, and Aerosol Liquid Water in Size-Resolved Coastal Urban Aerosols Allied with Distinct Air Masses over Tropical Peninsular India

Boreddy, Suresh K. R.; Hegde, Prashant; Aswini, A.R.

doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00282

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Potassium nitrate standard was used to calibrate WSTN concentration. The remaining half of the filtrated extract was injected into an ion chromatograph (model 882 and 883 Compact IC plus, Metrohm, Switzerland) to analyze the ionic species (CH 3 SO 3 − , Cl − , SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , PO 4 3− , C 2 O 4 2− , Na + , NH 4 + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ) in aerosols (Boreddy et al., 2021a; Boreddy, Hegde, Aswini, Williams, et al., 2021). Multi‐element certified standards (Merck KGaA, Germany) for anions and cations are separately used as the calibration standards.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Characteristics, Size Distributions, Molecular Composition, and Brown Carbon in South Asian Outflow to the Indian Ocean

Boreddy

Hegde

Aswini

et al. 2021

Earth and Space Science

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The transport of south Asian (SA) anthropogenic haze to the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) is often observed during winter, however, its chemical and molecular constituents are not well explored. To better address this problem, shipborne measurements of size-resolved aerosol sampling were carried out over the northern and equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) for the quantification of aerosol composition (organic and inorganic) and molecular markers during the winter of 2018. The most striking outcome was the dominance of anthropogenic aerosols derived from biomass-burning and combustion-related emissions over the NIO during the SA outflow.Low level concentrations were noticed over the EIO where oceanic air mass was dominated.Organic carbon (OC), sea-salts (Na + and Cl -), calcium (Ca 2+ ) and nitrates (NO3 -) were enriched in the coarse mode (>2.0 µm) while elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble OC, sulfates (SO4 2-), and potassium (K + ) were abundant in fine mode (<2.0 µm) aerosols. Water-soluble nitrogen aerosols showed a bimodal size distribution with a significant peak in fine mode. The molecular composition of organic aerosols in PM1.1 was characterized by high abundances of sugars and lignin/resin products followed by hydroxy/polyacids and plasticizers. These results underscore that biomass-burning emissions (BBEs), plastic combustions and secondary anthropogenic aerosols are the leading sources of organic aerosols in the SA outflow as further corroborated by the linear-regression analysis between organic and inorganic marker compounds. The mass absorption efficiency of organic (brown carbon; BrC) aerosols (MAEOC-BrC-365nm) was two times higher in SA outflow and largely contributed from BBEs as confirmed by the positive relationship with levoglucosan.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics, Size Distributions, Molecular Composition, and Brown Carbon in South Asian Outflow to the Indian Ocean

Boreddy

Hegde

Aswini

et al. 2021

Earth and Space Science

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“…Karydis et al (2016) reported a similar high contribution of coarse NO − 3 to total NO − 3 over India from their modelling of global aerosols. Studies of ambient measurements in India also conclude that the relatively high fraction of coarse nitrate is related to high levels of dust and/or sea salt over this region (Kumar et al, 2010;Boreddy et al, 2021).…”

Section: Surface Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new assessment of global and regional budgets, fluxes, and lifetimes of atmospheric reactive N and S gases and aerosols

Vieno

Stevenson

et al. 2022

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We used the EMEP MSC-W (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme Meteorological Synthesizing Centre – West) model version 4.34 coupled with WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model version 4.2.2 meteorology to undertake a present-day (2015) global and regional quantification of the concentrations, deposition, budgets, and lifetimes of atmospheric reactive N (Nr) and S (Sr) species. These are quantities that cannot be derived from measurements alone. In areas with high levels of reduced Nr (RDN = NH3+ NH4+), oxidized Nr (OXN = NOx+ HNO3+ HONO + N2O5 + NO3-+ “Other OXN” species), and oxidized Sr (OXS = SO2+ SO42-), RDN is predominantly in the form of NH3 (NH4+ typically <20 %), OXN has majority gaseous species composition, and OXS predominantly comprises SO42- except near major SO2 sources. Most continental regions are now “ammonia rich”, more so than previously, which indicates that, although reducing NH3 emissions will decrease the RDN concentration, decreasing these emissions will have little effect on mitigating secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA). South Asia is the most ammonia-rich region. Coastal areas around East Asia, northern Europe, and the north-eastern United States are “nitrate rich” where NH4NO3 formation is limited by NH3. These locations experience transport of OXN from the adjacent continent and/or direct shipping emissions of NOx, but NH3 concentrations are lower. The least populated continental areas and most marine areas are “sulfate rich”. Deposition of OXN (57.9 TgN yr−1, 51 %) and RDN (55.5 TgN yr−1, 49 %) contribute almost equally to total nitrogen deposition. OXS deposition is 50.5 TgS yr−1. Globally, wet and dry deposition contribute similarly to RDN deposition; for OXN and OXS, wet deposition contributes slightly more. Dry deposition of NH3 is the largest contributor to RDN deposition in most regions except for the Rest of Asia area and marine sectors where NH3 emissions are small and RDN deposition is mainly determined by the transport and rainout of NH4+ (rather than rainout of gaseous NH3). Thus, reductions in NH3 would efficiently reduce the deposition of RDN in most continental regions. The two largest contributors to OXN deposition in all regions are HNO3 and coarse NO3- (via both wet and dry deposition). The deposition of fine NO3- is only important over East Asia. The tropospheric burden of RDN is 0.75 TgN, of which NH3 and NH4+ comprise 32 % (0.24 TgN; lifetime of 1.6 d) and 68 % (0.51 TgN; lifetime of 8.9 d) respectively. The lifetime of RDN (4.9–5.2 d) is shorter than that of OXN (7.6–7.7 d), which is consistent with a total OXN burden (1.20 TgN) almost double that of RDN. The tropospheric burden of OXS is 0.78 TgS with a lifetime of 5.6–5.9 d. Total nitrate burden is 0.58 TgN with fine NO3- only constituting 10 % of this total, although fine NO3- dominates in eastern China, Europe, and eastern North America. It is important to account for contributions of coarse nitrate to global nitrate budgets. Lifetimes of RDN, OXN, and OXS species vary by a factor of 4 across different continental regions. In East Asia, lifetimes for RDN (2.9–3.0 d), OXN (3.9–4.5 d), and OXS (3.4–3.7 d) are short, whereas lifetimes in the Rest of Asia and Africa regions are about twice as long. South Asia is the largest net exporter of RDN (2.21 TgN yr−1, 29 % of its annual emission), followed by the Euro_Medi region. Despite having the largest RDN emissions and deposition, East Asia has only small net export and is therefore largely responsible for its own RDN pollution. Africa is the largest net exporter of OXN (1.92 TgN yr−1, 22 %), followed by Euro_Medi (1.61 TgN yr−1, 26 %). Considerable marine anthropogenic Nr and Sr pollution is revealed by the large net import of RDN, OXN, and OXS to these areas. Our work demonstrates the substantial regional variation in Nr and Sr budgets and the need for modelling to simulate the chemical and meteorological linkages underpinning atmospheric responses to precursor emissions.

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“…At high RH and low temperature, secondary formation of aerosols and their growth through heterogeneous gas to particle reactions are favored, which are observed to considerably alter the particulate chemical composition (Cheng et al., 2016; Faust et al., 2017; Kommula et al., 2021; P. F. Liu et al., 2011; Y. Wang et al., 2020). Chemical composition also varies with the size of aerosols, further adding to the complexity of aerosol hygroscopicity (Boreddy et al., 2021; Deshmukh et al., 2016; S. Kumar et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…F. Liu et al, 2011;. Chemical composition also varies with the size of aerosols, further adding to the complexity of aerosol hygroscopicity (Boreddy et al, 2021;Deshmukh et al, 2016;.…”

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confidence: 99%

Complex Interplay Between Organic and Secondary Inorganic Aerosols With Ambient Relative Humidity Implicates the Aerosol Liquid Water Content Over India During Wintertime

et al. 2022

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Aerosol Liquid Water Content (ALWC), a ubiquitous component of atmospheric aerosols, modulates atmospheric chemistry through aerosol surface reactions and reduces the atmospheric visibility. However, the complex dependency of ALWC on aerosol chemistry and relative humidity (RH) in the Indian region remains poorly characterized. Here, we combine available measurements of aerosol chemical composition with thermodynamic model, ISORROPIA2.1, to reveal a comprehensive picture of ALWC in fine mode aerosols during the winter season over the Indian continental region. The factors modulating ALWC are primarily dependent on the RH, such that the effect of aerosol dry mass and hygroscopicity are significant at high RH while the effect of hygroscopicity significantly reduces with decreasing RH. ALWC is observed to display a sharp non‐linear rise, beyond a critical value of ambient RH dependent on the particle hygroscopicity. Further analysis by coupling Weather Research Forecasting‐Chem simulation with ISORROPIA2.1 revealed significant spatial heterogeneity in ALWC over India, strongly associating with regions of high aerosol mass loading and RH. The Indo‐Gangetic Plain is consequently observed to be a hotspot of higher ALWC, which explains the prevalent conditions of haze and smog during winter in this region. Our findings re‐emphasize that high aerosol mass resulting from intense pollution is vital in modulating aerosol–climate interaction under favorable meteorological conditions. Observations suggest the need for localized pollution control strategies, directed at the reduction in aerosol emissions of specific chemical composition observed to contribute to the enhancement in PM through an increase in ALWC during wintertime in the region.

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Chemical Characteristics, Size Distributions, and Aerosol Liquid Water in Size-Resolved Coastal Urban Aerosols Allied with Distinct Air Masses over Tropical Peninsular India

Cited by 19 publications

References 85 publications

Chemical Characteristics, Size Distributions, Molecular Composition, and Brown Carbon in South Asian Outflow to the Indian Ocean

Chemical Characteristics, Size Distributions, Molecular Composition, and Brown Carbon in South Asian Outflow to the Indian Ocean

A new assessment of global and regional budgets, fluxes, and lifetimes of atmospheric reactive N and S gases and aerosols

Complex Interplay Between Organic and Secondary Inorganic Aerosols With Ambient Relative Humidity Implicates the Aerosol Liquid Water Content Over India During Wintertime

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