Chemical characterization, antidiabetic and anticancer activities of Santolina chamaecyparissus

Abstract

Santolina chamaecyparissus is an important medicinal plant growing in the Mediterranean region and has been reported as a potent anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal agent. The purpose of the current research is to identify the chemical constituents in ethyl acetate extract (EAE) from the leaves of S. chamaecyparissus , and to evaluate antidiabetic, and anticancer activity. Chemical constituents of EAE were identified by GC-MS, and the antidiabetic activity was evaluated by α-glucosidase inhibition assay. The anticancer activity was assessed by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression in human breast cancer cell line (MCF7) by using quantitative RT-PCR method. GC-MS analysis of EAE of S. chamaecyparissus yielded 44 compounds. Tetrapentacontane (27.15%), eicosyl acetate (8.40%), 2-methylhexacosane (6.87%), and n -pentadecanol (5.44%) were found as major chemical constituents. The EAE of S. chamaecyparissus showed concentration dependant inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme and the IC 50 value (IC 50 110 ± 4.25 µg/mL) was found comparable with standard acarbose (IC 50 105 ± 3.74 µg/mL). The real-time qRT-PCR results showed that the EGFR protein ( bcl-2 ) in human breast cancer cell line (MCF7) was negatively expressed with a value of −0.69297105 after treatment with EAE (100 µg/mL). The study results are suggesting the possible use of S. chamaecyparissus in the management of diabetes, and human breast cancer.

GC-MS Analysis and Biomedical Therapy of Oil from n-Hexane Fraction of Scutellaria edelbergii Rech. f.: In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Approach

“…Yen et al [51] also validated the in vitro antidiabetic effect of the oils produced by medicinal plants. The constituents present in the mentioned screening are also present in S. edelbergii such as thymol which acts as an antidiabetic agent described by Escobar et al [40] and 2-methylhexacosane reported by Ali et al [52]. The data documented from our results agree with the literature available for S. orientalis and S. articulata listed by Formisano et al [53]-since the selected species belong to the same genus.…”

In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Adenium obesum

“…It was recently found that tetraethylene glycol exerts anticancer effects against Jurkat, K562, HEK293, HeLa, and U937 cell lines ( D’yakonov et al, 2021 ). 1-pentadecane was also recently reported to be present in ethyl acetate extract of S. chamaecyparissus which showed antidiabetic and anticancer efficacy against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells ( Ali et al, 2021 ). 1-pentadecane was also reported to be present in Streptomyces malaysiense sp.…”

Isolation and extraction of some compounds that act as antimicrobials from actinomycetes

“… Compound name Molecular formula Nature Biological activity Reference 1 Hexadecane, 2,6,11,15- Tetramethyl C 20 H 42 Hydrocarbon Flavoring agent Pammi et al, (2021) 2 Octacosane C 28 H 58 Hydrocarbon Antimicrobial activity, Insecticidal activity Khatua et al, (2016) 3 Dodecanoic Acid, 1,2,3- Propane -triyl ester C 39 H 74 O 6 Fatty acid hepatoprtective. b5-α reductase inhibitor, Flavour, Lubricant, Hypocholesterolemic, Cosmetic, Achi and Ohaeri, (2015) 4 Hexatriacontane C 36 H 74 Hydrocarbon Antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer Ibnouf, (2021) 5 Heptacosane C 27 H 56 Hydrocarbon Anti-oxidant activity, Antibacterial, Insecticidal Khatua et al, (2016) 6 Eicosyl Acetate C 22 H 44 O 2 Fatty acid Anti-cancer Ali et al, (2021) 7 Tritetracontane C 43 H 88 Hydrocarbon For treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars and keloids Ibnouf, (2021) 8 Tetracosane, 2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyl C 30 H 62 Hydrocarbon Pesticide, Chemopreventive, Immunostimulant, Cancer preventive, Antitumor, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Sudha et al, (2013) 9 Myristic Acid vinyl ester C 16 H 30 O 2 Fatty acid Antimicrobial, anticancer, cosmetics …”