Chemical characterization, antioxidant and inhibitory effects of some marine sponges against carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes

Abstract

BackgroundMore than 15,000 marine products have been described up to now; Sponges are champion producers, concerning the diversity of products that have been found. Most bioactive compounds from sponges were classified into anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immuno- or neurosurpressive, antiviral, antimalarial, antibiotic, or antifouling. Evaluation of in vitro inhibitory effects of different extracts from four marine sponges versus some antioxidants indices and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes concerned with diabetes mellitus was studied. The chemical characterizations for the extracts of the predominating sponges; SP1 and SP3 were discussed.MethodsAll chemicals served in the biological study were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma, Merck and Aldrich. All kits were the products of Biosystems (Spain), Sigma Chemical Company (USA), Biodiagnostic (Egypt). Carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes; α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and β-galactosidase (EC3.2.1.1, EC3.2.1.20, and EC3.2.1.23, respectively) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Company (USA).ResultsFour marine sponges; Smenospongia (SP1), Callyspongia (SP2), Niphates (SP3), and Stylissa (SP4), were collected from the Red Sea at Egyptian coasts, and taxonomically characterized. The sponges' extracts exhibited diverse inhibitory effects on oxidative stress indices and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes in linear relationships to some extent with concentration of inhibitors (dose dependant). The extracts of sponges (3, 1, and 2) showed, respectively, potent-reducing power. Purification and Chemical characterization of sponge 1 using NMR and mass spectroscopy, recognized the existence of di-isobutyl phthalate (1), di-n-butyl phthalate (2), linoleic acid (3), β-sitosterol (4), and cholesterol (5). Sponge 3 produced bis-[2-ethyl]-hexyl-phthylester (6) and triglyceride fatty acid ester (7).ConclusionMarine sponges are promising sources for delivering of bioactive compounds. Four marine sponges, collected from Red Sea at Egyptian coasts, were identified as Smenospongia (SP1), Callyspongia (SP2), Niphates (SP3), and Stylissa (SP4). The results demonstrated that different sponges extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on oxidative stress indices and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes in linear relationships to some extent with concentration of inhibitors (dose dependant). The extracts of sponges (3, 1, and 2) showed, respectively, potent-reducing power. Chemical characterizations of sponges SP1 and SP3 were discussed. Based on this study, marine sponges are considered as talented sources for production of diverse and multiple biologically active compounds.

Fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of Antarctic marine sponges of the genus Latrunculia

“…The SC-CO 2 extracts from L. biformis 11203, and L. bocagei 11225 and 11191 showed the highest antioxidant activities. Similar data were obtained previously (Soest et al 2002;Shaaban et al 2012) for Smenospongia Wiedenmayer, 1977, Callyspongia Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864, Niphates Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864, where their chemical characterization of sponge lipid extracts defined linoleic acid, b-sitosterol, cholesterol, bis-[2-ethyl]-hexyl-phthylester and triglyceride FA esters. The free radical scavenging potential of various FAs in vivo was investigated before (Richard et al 2008), and direct superoxide scavenging by long-chain PUFAs, and particularly of the omega-3 series was observed as it was noticed herein.…”

Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Antiproliferative Compounds of Lipidic Fractions from White Shrimp Muscle (Litopenaeus vannamei)

“…Phthalate derivatives have been previously reported as compounds isolated from various natural sources such as microorganisms [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], Aloe vera [ 30 ], and from marine organisms such as sponges [ 31 ] rhizoid [ 32 ], and seahorse [ 33 ]. The presence of phthalate in several natural sources is consistent with our findings.…”

“…Phthalate derivatives have been reported as bioactive compounds, exerting a variety of biological activities such as antioxidant [ 31 , 33 ], antimicrobial [ 27 , 29 ], cytotoxic [ 27 ], anti-leukaemic, and antimutagenic [ 30 ] potential. Specifically di -(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, has been previously tested as a compound that can induce cell death in mammalian [ 34 ] and leukemic [ 28 ] cells, and decreasing cell proliferation in human corneal endothelial cells [ 35 ].…”

Isolation and Identification of an Antimutagenic Phthalate Derivative Compound from Octopus (<i>Paraoctopus limaculatus</i>)

“…This compound was also capable of arresting cell cycle at sub G0/G1 phase. Also, di-isobutyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate, and bis-[2-ethyl]-hexyl-phthylester have been recently isolated from marine sponges Smenospongia and Niphates, respectively [24].…”