Chemical Characterization, Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Rich Extracts from Chlorella sp. S14

Abstract

Microalgae is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acid. This study was conducted to identify and isolate microalgal strain with the potentials for producing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and determine its cytotoxic effect on some cancer cells. The algal strain (Chlorella sp. S14) was cultivated using modified BG-11 media, and algal biomass obtained was used for fatty acid extraction. Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify the levels of the fatty acid constituents. The total content of monounsaturated fatty acids (1.12%) was low compared to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (52.87%). Furthermore, n-3 PUFAs accounted for (12.37%) of total PUFAs with the presence of α-linolenic acid (2.16%) and cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid (2.16%). The PUFA-rich extract did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect on normal cells. Treatment with the PUFA-rich extract (150 µg/mL) significantly reduced cell viability in MCF-7 (31.58%) and A549 (62.56%) cells after the 48 h treatment. Furthermore, treatment of MCF-7 with fatty acid extracts (125 and 150 µg/mL) showed a significant reduction in MDA levels, increase in catalase activities and decrease in GSH level compared to untreated cells. However, a slight decrease in MDA level was observed in A549 cells after the 48 h treatment. There are no significant changes in catalase activities and GSH level in treated A549 cells. However, a slight reduction of NO levels was observed in treated MCF-7 and A549 cells. These results indicate the potentials of PUFA-rich extracts from Chlorella sp. S14 to reduce viability and modulate redox status in A549 and MCF-7 cells.

Lipid Profile, Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Activity, and Computational Molecular Docking of Diatom Fatty Acids as ACE Inhibitors

“…Fatty acid profiling results suggested that both Ano and Rho diatom FAs showed potential for use as bioactive ingredients for dietary supplements with high nutritional qualities. intensity and nutrients [13]. This should be examined in further studies.…”

“…Variations in findings were attributable to the different growing conditions of microalgae [6], while additional molecules other than lipids from the solvent employed in the extraction process contributed to the total weight of lipid [23]. intensity and nutrients [13]. This should be examined in further studies.…”

“…Lipid extraction was carried out following the modified methods of Conde et al [ 6 ] and Vilakazi et al [ 13 ]. Dried diatom biomass (5.0 g) was mixed with 50 mL of solvent mixture (dichloromethane/methanol = 1/1 v / v ).…”

“…Hence, ROS scavengers and ACE inhibitors slow down the production of ROS and suppress the expression of ACE. Previous studies proved that fatty acids derived from microalgal biomass inhibited both ROS production [ 13 ] and ACE activity [ 14 ]. However, few reports are available on the molecular mechanisms of action between diatom fatty acids and ACE.…”

Research Progression of the Genus Merremia: A Comprehensive Review on the Nutritional Value, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicity

“…In recent years, research on medicinal plants as potential chemotherapeutic agents has increased globally because of their actions that prevent cancer initiation and proliferation with limited toxicity, as well as their anti-multidrug reversal ability [86,87]. There are very few scientific studies on Merremia species as anticancer agents, but their traditional use in treating breast cancer may have prompted investigations on their potential anticancer and antiproliferative properties as discussed below.…”