Chemical Characterization (GC/MS and NMR Fingerprinting) and Bioactivities of South‐African Pelargonium capitatum (L.) L' Her. (Geraniaceae) Essential Oil

Abstract

Chemical fingerprinting of commercial Pelargonium capitatum (Geraniaceae) essential oil samples of south African origin was performed by GC, GC/MS, and (13) C- and (1) H-NMR. Thirty-seven compounds were identified, among which citronellol (32.71%) and geraniol (19.58%) were the most abundant. NMR Spectra of characteristic chemicals were provided. Broad-spectrum bioactivity properties of the oil were evaluated and compared with those of commercial Thymus vulgaris essential oil with the aim to obtain a functional profile in terms of efficacy and safety. P. capitatum essential oil provides a good performance as antimicrobial, with particular efficacy against Candida albicans strains. Antifungal activity performed against dermatophyte and phytopathogen strains revealed the latter as more sensitive, while antibacterial activity was not remarkable against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. P. capitatum oil provided a lower antioxidant activity (IC(50) ) than that expressed by thyme essential oil, both in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene bleaching tests. Results in photochemiluminescence (PCL) assay were negligible. To test the safety aspects of P. capitatum essential oil, mutagenic and toxicity properties were assayed by Ames test, with and without metabolic activation. Possible efficacy of P. capitatum essential oil as mutagenic protective agent against NaN(3) , 2-nitrofluorene, and 2-aminoanthracene was also assayed, providing interesting and significant antigenotoxic properties.

1H‐NMR and GC for detection of adulteration in commercial essential oils of Cymbopogon ssp

“…Thus, none of the commercial essential oils of citronella evaluated so far, have presented simultaneously the contents of citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol in accordance with the BP quality standards. This variation of the content of the major constituents amongst the pure oils may have occurred due to the source, collection period, extraction process, and/or storage conditions, amongst other factors …”

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Amorpha canescens Pursh

“…The oil of A. fruticosa of Bulgarian origin contained mainly sesquiterpene hydrocarbons: δ-cadinene 13-18 , γ -c a d i n e n e 8 -1 1 , β -c a r y o p h y l l e n e 4 -1 2 , γ-muurolene and ar-curcumene, whereas oil of Polish origin contained monoterpene hydrocarbons: α-pinene 19-25 , myrcene [13][14][15][16][17][18] and Z -β-ocimene 4-10 18 20 . In Bulgaria this oil is used in perfumery and medicine.…”

Assessment of geraniol-incorporated polymers to controlAedes albopictus(Diptera: culicidae)

“…The advantage of using natural product against mosquito vectors is that they do not develop resistance and they are non-toxic to fishes, mammals and most other non-target organisms in the environment. As larvicide in mosquito control, insect growth regulator, biopesticides (Rozendaal, 1997), essential oil and natural product like mixture of monoterpenes (Ben Marzoug et al , 2011; Guerrini et al , 2011; Mkaddem et al , 2009; Sacchetti et al , 2004) represent alternative products for mosquito vector control.…”