Chemical characterization of aromatic compounds in extra heavy gas oil by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Ávila, Bárbara M.F.; Pereira, Ricardo; Gomes, Alexandre O.; Azevedo, Débora A.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.051

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is believed that even a part of an unresolved complex mixture consists of thousands of components, presenting as a big "hump" in the gas chromatograph (GC) spectrum, 13 which remains as a challenging problem in traditional one-dimensional (1-D) GC. [15][16][17][18] The comprehensive two dimensional GC utilizes two capillary columns filled with different stationary phases such as non-polar and polar column combination that provides a close to orthogonal separation capability. [15][16][17][18] The comprehensive two dimensional GC utilizes two capillary columns filled with different stationary phases such as non-polar and polar column combination that provides a close to orthogonal separation capability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery and identification of a series of alkyl decalin isomers in petroleum geological samples

Wang

Zhang

Weng

et al. 2015

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The comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOFMS) has been used to characterize a crude oil and a source rock extract sample. During the process, a series of pairwise components between monocyclic alkanes and mono-aromatics have been discovered. After tentative assignments of decahydronaphthalene isomers, a series of alkyl decalin isomers have been synthesized and used for identification and validation of these petroleum compounds. From both the MS and chromatography information, these pairwise compounds were identified as 2-alkyl-decahydronaphthalenes and 1-alkyl-decahydronaphthalenes. The polarity of 1-alkyl-decahydronaphthalenes was stronger. Their long chain alkyl substituent groups may be due to bacterial transformation or different oil cracking events. This systematic profiling of alkyl-decahydronaphthalene isomers provides further understanding and recognition of these potential petroleum biomarkers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery and identification of a series of alkyl decalin isomers in petroleum geological samples

Wang

Zhang

Weng

et al. 2015

Analyst

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“…[32,33]. In addition, group analysis provides means to promptly investigate the dynamics of variation of the concentrations of the initial com pounds and reaction products during chemical reac tions in a complex system.…”

Section: Determination Of All Components Of a Complex Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of two-dimensional gas chromatography

Patrushev

2015

Kinet Catal

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The potential of two dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) for the investigation of com plex mixtures of organic compounds is briefly reviewed. Various designs of modulators for GC × GC are con sidered. Requirements for the equipment necessary for the successful implementation of the GC × GC method are formulated. The main advantages of GC × GC over classical one dimensional gas chromatogra phy are listed. Typical separation problems that are solvable by GC × GC are considered.

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“…Multidimensional chromatographic systems have been used to address the complexity of heavy oxidised paraffinic samples and the peak coelution observed when analysed by GC. High‐temperature comprehensive two‐dimensional GC (HT‐GC × GC) was used to increase peak capacity and analyse complex heavy petroleum samples …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-temperature comprehensive two-dimensional GC (HT-GC × GC) was used to increase peak capacity and analyse complex heavy petroleum samples. 6,7,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Another way of reducing the sample complexity prior to HT-GC analysis is to apply a fractionation step prior to the analysis by GC. [22][23][24][25][26] Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is one of the most widely used methods for extraction, sample clean-up, analyte concentration, and fractionation of organic compounds from a number of sample matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pre‐separation of oxygen containing compounds in oxidised heavy paraffinic fractions and their identification by GC‐MS with supersonic molecular beams.

et al. 2019

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The heavy petroleum fractions produced during refining processes need to be upgraded to useable products to increase their value. Hydrogenated heavy paraffinic fractions can be oxidised to produce high value products that contain a variety of oxygenates. These heavy oxygenated paraffinic fractions need to be characterised to enable the control of oxidation processes and to understand product properties. The accurate identification of the oxygenates present in these fractions by electron ionisation (EI) mass spectrometry is challenging due to the complexity of these heavy fractions. Adding to this challenge is the limited applicability of EI mass spectral libraries due to the absence of molecular ions from the EI mass spectra of many oxygenates. The separation of oxygenates from the complex hydrocarbon matrix prior to high temperature GC‐MS (HT‐GC‐MS) analysis reduces the complexity of these fractions and assists in the accurate identification of these oxygenates. Solid phase extraction (SPE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) were employed as prefractionation techniques. GC‐MS with supersonic molecular beams (SMBs) (also named GC‐MS with cold‐EI) utilises a SMB interface with which EI is done with vibrationally cold sample compounds in a fly‐through ion source (cold‐EI) resulting in a substantial increase in the molecular ion signal intensity in the mass spectrum. This greatly enhances the accurate identification of the oxygenates in these fractions. This study investigated the ionisation behaviour of oxygenated compounds using cold‐EI. The prefractionation by SPE and SFC and the subsequent analysis with GC‐MS with cold‐EI were applied to an oxygenated heavy paraffinic fraction.

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Chemical characterization of aromatic compounds in extra heavy gas oil by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Discovery and identification of a series of alkyl decalin isomers in petroleum geological samples

Discovery and identification of a series of alkyl decalin isomers in petroleum geological samples

Advantages of two-dimensional gas chromatography

The pre‐separation of oxygen containing compounds in oxidised heavy paraffinic fractions and their identification by GC‐MS with supersonic molecular beams.

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