Chemical characterization of biofuel exhaust emissions

Jedyńska, Aleksandra; Tromp, Peter; Houtzager, Marc M.G.; Kooter, Ingeborg M.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.06.035

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As expected from previous studies (e.g., Caplain et al, 2006;Stojić et al, 2015;Valach et al, 2015), typical aromatic compounds like benzene, toluene, trimethylbenzenes (TMBs), ethylbenzene and xylenes, as well as several alkanes and alkenes, methyl butene and ethanol, were present in high quantities. Those compounds are related to fossil-fuel consumption and are released either by incomplete combustion or by volatilization from fuel tanks (Jedynska et al, 2015;Schmitz et al, 2000). Ethanol can be related to the increased usage of bioethanol in E10 fuel (10 % of ethanol).…”

Section: Impact Of Vegetation On Air Pollutant Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BAERLIN2014 – the influence of land surface types on and the horizontal heterogeneity of air pollutant levels in Berlin

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Urban air quality and human health are among the key aspects of future urban planning. In order to address pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter, efforts need to be made to quantify and reduce their concentrations. One important aspect in understanding urban air quality is the influence of urban vegetation which may act as both emitter and sink for trace gases and aerosol particles. In this context, the "Berlin Air quality and Ecosystem Research: Local and long-range Impact of anthropogenic and Natural hydrocarbons 2014" (BAERLIN2014) campaign was conducted between 2 June and 29 August in the metropolitan area of Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany. The predominant goals of the campaign were (1) the characterization of urban gaseous and particulate pollution and its attribution to anthropogenic and natural sources in the region of interest, especially considering the connection between biogenic volatile organic compounds and particulates and ozone; (2) the quantification of the impact of urban vegetation on organic trace gas levels and the presence of oxidants such as ozone; and (3) to explain the local heterogeneity of pollutants by defining the distribution of sources and sinks relevant for the interpretation of model simulations. In order to do so, the campaign included stationary measurements at urban background station and mobile observations carried out from bicycle, van and airborne platforms. This paper provides an overview of the mobile measurements (Mobile BAERLIN2014) and general conclusions drawn from the analysis. Bicycle measurements showed micro-scale variations of temperature and particulate matter, displaying a substantial reduction of mean temperatures and particulate levels in the proximity of vegetated areas compared to typical urban residential area (background) measurements. Van measurements extended the area covered by bicycle observations and included continuous measurements of O3, NOx, CO, CO2 and point-wise measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at representative sites for traffic- and vegetation-affected sites. The quantification displayed notable horizontal heterogeneity of the short-lived gases and particle number concentrations. For example, baseline concentrations of the traffic-related chemical species CO and NO varied on average by up to ±22.2 and ±63.5 %, respectively, on the scale of 100 m around any measurement location. Airborne observations revealed the dominant source of elevated urban particulate number and mass concentrations being local, i.e., not being caused by long-range transport. Surface-based observations related these two parameters predominantly to traffic sources. Vegetated areas lowered the pollutant concentrations substantially with ozone being reduced most by coniferous forests, which is most likely caused by their reactive biogenic VOC emissions. With respect to the overall potential to reduce air pollutant levels, forests were found to result in the largest decrease, followed by parks and facilities for sports and leisure. Surface temperature was generally 0.6–2.1 °C lower in vegetated regions, which in turn will have an impact on tropospheric chemical processes. Based on our findings, effective future mitigation activities to provide a more sustainable and healthier urban environment should focus predominantly on reducing fossil-fuel emissions from traffic as well as on increasing vegetated areas.

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Section: Impact Of Vegetation On Air Pollutant Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BAERLIN2014 – the influence of land surface types on and the horizontal heterogeneity of air pollutant levels in Berlin

et al. 2016

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“…Relative OC/EC ratios in particulate emissions depend on the type of fuel processed in the engine because of their different diesel and biodiesel contents (Jedynska et al, 2015). The masses of OC and EC produced per kWh, when diesel, 100% biodiesel, and 30% biodiesel in diesel are supplied to the Iveco Tector engine operated at WHTC or steady-state (1500 rpm, 30% load) condition are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Oc Ec and Ions In Bulk Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of Diesel/Biodiesel Particulate Exhaust by FTIR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: Impact of Fuel and Driving Cycle

Popovicheva

Irimiea

Carpentier

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The growing concern about air quality and the impact exhaust particles can have on the environment has resulted in the increased use of alternative fuels. A sampling campaign from a conventional heavy diesel engine operated in typical transient cycle or steady-state condition, and running on diesel, 30% biodiesel in diesel, and 100% biodiesel was carried out. The particulate composition was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Two-step Laser Mass Spectrometry (L2MS), Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), thermo-optical analysis, and capillary electrophoresis. Elemental carbon is demonstrated to decrease from diesel to 100% biodiesel, in agreement with the evolution of aromatic bands and the MS abundance of C n -fragments, while organic carbon exhibits a constant level irrespective of the working regime. Aliphatic, aromatic, carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl functionalities, and nitro compounds are found to depend on the engine-working regime. Mass spectra are mainly characterized by alkyl fragments (C n H 2n+1 + ), associated to normal and branched alkanes, PAHs and their alkylated derivatives. The addition of biodiesel to diesel changes the particulate composition towards more oxygenated constituents, such as carbonyl groups attributed to methyl ester CH 3 O + fragments of unburned biodiesel. Fuel-specific fragments have been identified, such as C 3 H 7 O + for diesel, and C 2 H 3 O 2 + and CH 3 O -for biodiesel. Nitrogenized compounds are revealed by -NO 2 functionalities and N-containing fragments. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was successfully applied to discriminate the engine operating conditions, with a higher variance given by the fuel, thus allowing to better evaluate the environmental impacts of alternative energy source emissions.

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Section: Impact Of Vegetation On Air Pollutant Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BAERLIN2014 – The influence of land surface types on and the horizontal heterogeneity of air pollutant levels in Berlin

Bonn¹,

Schneidemesser²,

Andrich³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Abstract. Urban air quality and human health are among the key aspects of future urban planning. In order to address pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter, efforts need to be made to quantify and reduce their concentrations. One important aspect in understanding urban air quality is the influence of urban vegetation which may act as both, emitter and sink for trace gases and aerosol particles. In this context, the "Berlin Air quality and Ecosystem Research: Local and long-range Impact of anthropogenic and Natural hydrocarbons 2014" (BAERLIN2014) campaign was conducted between the June 2nd and August 29th in the metropolitan area of Berlin-Brandenburg, Germany. The predominant goals of the campaign were (1) the characterization of urban gaseous and particulate pollution and its attribution to anthropogenic and natural sources in the region of interest, especially considering the connection between biogenic volatile organic compounds and particulates and ozone; (2) the quantification of the impact of urban vegetation on organic trace gas levels and the presence of oxidants such as ozone; and (3) to explain the local heterogeneity of pollutants by defining the distribution of sources and sinks relevant for the interpretation of model simulations. In order to do so, the campaign included stationary measurements at an urban background station and mobile observations carried out from bicycle, van and airborne platforms. This paper provides an overview of the mobile measurements (Mobile BAERLIN2014) and general conclusions drawn from the analysis. Bicycle measurements showed micro-scale variations of temperature and particulate matter, displaying a substantial reduction of temperature and particulates in the proximity of vegetated areas compared to typical urban residential area (background) measurements. Van measurements extended the area covered by bicycle observations and included continuous measurements of O3, NOx, CO, CO2, and pointwise volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identification. The quantification displayed notable horizontal heterogeneity of the short lived gases and particle number concentrations. E.g. concentrations of the traffic related chemical species CO and NO varied by more than &#177;20 % and &#177;60 % on the scale of one hundred meters, respectively. Airborne observations revealed the dominant source of elevated urban particulate number and mass concentrations being local, i.e. not being caused by long range transport. Surface based observations related these two parameters predominantly to traffic sources. Vegetated areas lowered the pollutant concentrations substantially with ozone being reduced most by coniferous forests, which is most likely caused by their reactive biogenic VOC emissions. With respect to the overall potential to reduce air pollutant levels forests were found to result in the largest decrease, followed by parks and facilities for sports and leisure. Surface temperature was generally 0.6&#8211;2.1 &#176;C lower in vegetated regions, which in turn will have an impact on tropospheric chemical processes. Based on our findings effective future mitigation activities to provide a more sustainable and healthier urban environment would focus predominantly on reducing fossil-fuel emissions from traffic as well as on increasing vegetated areas.

show abstract

Chemical characterization of biofuel exhaust emissions

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

BAERLIN2014 – the influence of land surface types on and the horizontal heterogeneity of air pollutant levels in Berlin

BAERLIN2014 – the influence of land surface types on and the horizontal heterogeneity of air pollutant levels in Berlin

Chemical Composition of Diesel/Biodiesel Particulate Exhaust by FTIR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: Impact of Fuel and Driving Cycle

BAERLIN2014 – The influence of land surface types on and the horizontal heterogeneity of air pollutant levels in Berlin

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