Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter emitted by peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2015 El Niño

Jayarathne, Thilina; Stockwell, Chelsea E.; Gilbert, Ashley A.; Daugherty, Kaitlyn; Cochrane, Mark A.; Ryan, Kevin C.; Putra, Erianto Indra; Saharjo, Bambang Hero; Nurhayati, Ati Dwi; Albar, Israr; Yokelson, R. J.; Stone, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.5194/acp-18-2585-2018

Cited by 91 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres concentrations of these two categories of particulate matter could range from 6 to 35%, as estimated by comparing the PM 2.5 and PM 10 data observed in Singapore during a wildfire event ( Figure S6). The observed PM and CO ratios at Pekanbaru in 2013 and 2014 were comparable to those observed as a result of peat/peatland fires in Kalimantan in 2015 (Jayarathne et al, 2018;Stockwell et al, 2016;Wooster et al, 2018) as well as the data obtained in Selangor in Malaysia (Roulston et al, 2018). The range of PM and CO ratios also overlaps with an experimental study of Malaysian peat fires (Othman & Latif, 2013).…”

Section: 1029/2018jd028564supporting

confidence: 83%

“…In addition to greenhouse gases, the peatland burning also emits particulate matter as well as its precursors (Black et al, 2016;Engling et al, 2014;Fujii et al, 2014;Gaveau et al, 2014;Huijnen et al, 2016;Iinuma et al, 2007;Jayarathne et al, 2018;Parker et al, 2016;Roulston et al, 2018;Whitburn et al, 2016;Wooster et al, than 1 K. Aerosol particles emitted by tropical peatland burning influence the cloud formation process over the region (Rosenfeld, 1999). These aerosol particles also influence the health and lives of the people living in the region (Crippa et al, 2016;Koplitz et al, 2016;Kunii et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constraining the Emission of Particulate Matter From Indonesian Peatland Burning Using Continuous Observation Data

et al. 2018

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Tropical peatland, which dominantly distributes in Indonesia and Malaysia, has experienced recurring fires in the last few decades. Constraining the enhancement ratios and emission factors of gas and particulate matter emitted by the wildfires is necessary to evaluate their environmental and climatic impacts. We analyzed continuous observation data at Pekanbaru in Indonesia and Muar in Malaysia to investigate the emissions of gas and particulate matter. The enhancement ratios of particulate matter to carbon monoxide (PM10/CO) of wildfires in Riau province in June 2013 and February–March 2014 were analyzed. The PM10/CO ratios of peatland burning plumes ranged from 77 to 97 μg mg−1 for the event in June 2013, whereas the corresponding value was 127 μg mg−1 in February–March 2014. These enhancement ratios were translated to the emission factors of particulate matter using previous data on the emission factors of CO, assuming that secondary formation was ignorable. The estimated emission factors for PM10 were 13 ± 2 g kg−1 (2013) and 19 ± 2 g kg−1 (2014). These values are comparable to those reported by recent field observations in Indonesia and Malaysia (17.3 ± 6.0 to 34.4 ± 18.8 g kg−1). The estimated emission factors from both the present study and recent field work are consistently higher than that used in the current emission inventory, which suggests that it should be updated. A caveat for this analysis is possible influence of secondary formation, which will still be needed to be investigated in future studies.

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Section: 1029/2018jd028564supporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining the Emission of Particulate Matter From Indonesian Peatland Burning Using Continuous Observation Data

et al. 2018

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“…Data for emission of metals could be represented as emission factor or ER (Andreae & Merlet, 2001). In this section, ER, which is defined as metal emission per mass of PM (μg/g), is reported (Jayarathne et al, 2018). Emission factor was not quantified, as CO and CO 2 were not measured during the burning experiments.…”

Section: Er Of Metals In Pmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Metal Emissions From Tropical Peatland Burning in Indonesia by Controlled Laboratory Experiments

et al. 2019

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The tropical peatland burning in Indonesia is one of the most significant types of wildfires on a global scale. Previous studies indicated the importance of metal emissions from Indonesian wildfires. However, metal emission profiles from Indonesian wildfires have not been quantified well yet. To address this issue, we analyzed metals and metalloids emitted from combustion experiments of peat and vegetation growing over peatland in Indonesia. The analyzed elements include Mg, Al, Ca, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Sn, and Pb. The emission ratios of aerosol particles emitted from combustion of the ombrotrophic peat and vegetation agreed within a factor of few, regardless of the variability in the elemental compositions of the original fuel. In both cases, the emission ratios of Ca were the highest, followed by crustal elements Fe and Al. The concentration ratios of crustal and biogenic elements (Fe/Al and Zn/Fe) were found to be a useful metric to infer dominant fuel types. Namely, the concentration ratio of Fe/Al was high (6.2 ± 4.4) for peat combustion particles, while the value was lower (1.9 ± 1.3) when plant burning was conducted. The emission ratios of the metals were combined with an existing emission inventory to estimate the emission rates of the analyzed metals. The emission rates of carcinogenic metals, such as Cr and Ni, were estimated to be 0.02 and 0.013 Gg/year, respectively. The analysis also indicated that the peatland burning could be one of the important sources of atmospheric Fe in the region.

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“…The Cl -concentration during the P1 period was slightly higher than that of the P2 period, which suggests a slight influence of wildfires. Table 2 summarizes the ratios of organic matter (OM, which is OA from ToF-ACSM) to OC (OM:OC), OC:EC, and WSOC:OC from the current and previous ambient measurements (Agarwal et al, 2010;Aggarwal et al, 2013;Balasubramanian et al, 2003;Engling et al, 2014;Jayarathne et al, 2018;Kunwar and Kawamura, 2014;Park and Cho, 2011;See et al, 2006See et al, , 2007Ye et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2017). The OM:OC ratio of the current study (~1.8) is slightly higher than 1.6 estimated from urban air samples influenced by traffic emissions (Zhang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Diurnal Profiles Of Aerosol Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant contribution of oxygenated organic aerosol to haze particles from real-time observation in Singapore during an Indonesian wildfire event in 2015

Budisulistiorini¹,

Riva²,

Williams³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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15Abstract. Recurring transboundary haze from Indonesian wildfires in previous decades significantly elevated particulate matter (PM) concentrations in Southeast Asia. During that event on October 10 to 31, 2015, we conducted a real-time observation of non-refractory submicron PM (NR-PM 1 ) in Singapore using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer.Simultaneously, we characterized carbonaceous components and organic aerosol (OA) tracers from fine PM (PM 2.5 ) samples to support source apportionment of the online measurements. The real-time analysis demonstrated that OA accounted for 20 approximately 80% of NR-PM 1 mass during the wildfire haze period. Source apportionment analysis applied to the OA mass spectra using multilinear-engine (ME-2) approach resulted in four factors: hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), peat burning OA (PBOA), and oxygenated OA (OOA). The OOA can be considered as a surrogate of both secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and oxidized primary organic aerosol (OPOA), while the other factors are considered as surrogates of primary organic aerosol (POA). The OOA accounted for approximately 50% of the total OA mass in NR-PM 1 , 25 while POA subtypes from wildfires (BBOA and PBOA) contributed to approximately 30% of the total OA mass. Our findings highlight the importance of atmospheric chemical processes, which likely include POA oxidation and SOA formation from oxidation of gaseous precursors, to the OOA concentration. As this research could not separately quantify the POA oxidation and SOA formation processes, further studies should attempt to investigate the contribution of gaseous precursors oxidation and POA aging to the OOA formation in wildfire plumes. 30

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Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter emitted by peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2015 El Niño

Cited by 91 publications

References 76 publications

Constraining the Emission of Particulate Matter From Indonesian Peatland Burning Using Continuous Observation Data

Constraining the Emission of Particulate Matter From Indonesian Peatland Burning Using Continuous Observation Data

Estimation of Metal Emissions From Tropical Peatland Burning in Indonesia by Controlled Laboratory Experiments

Dominant contribution of oxygenated organic aerosol to haze particles from real-time observation in Singapore during an Indonesian wildfire event in 2015

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