Chemical Characterization of Lipophilic Constituents in the Skin of Migratory Adult Sea Lamprey from the Great Lakes Region

Dissanayake, Amila A.; Wagner, C. Michael; Nair, Muraleedharan G.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168609

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne , and Phleum pratense ) and there was no difference in mean digestibility between grasses and legumes. Care must be taken to consider the full suite of nutritive metrics, including their positive or negative effects on overall plant productivity, when selecting species for use as livestock or wild herbivore feed (Wagner et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global comparison of the nutritive values of forage plants grown in contrasting environments

Lee

2018

J Plant Res

139

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Forage plants are valuable because they maintain wild and domesticated herbivores, and sustain the delivery of meat, milk and other commodities. Forage plants contain different quantities of fibre, lignin, minerals and protein, and vary in the proportion of their tissue that can be digested by herbivores. These nutritive components are important determinants of consumer growth rates, reproductive success and behaviour. A dataset was compiled to quantify variation in forage plant nutritive values within- and between-plant species, and to assess variation between plant functional groups and bioclimatic zones. 1255 geo-located records containing 3774 measurements of nutritive values for 136 forage plant species grown in 30 countries were obtained from published articles. Spatial variability in forage nutritive values indicated that climate modified plant nutritive values. Forage plants grown in arid and equatorial regions generally contained less digestible material than those grown in temperate and tundra regions; containing more fibre and lignin, and less protein. These patterns may reveal why herbivore body sizes, digestion and migration strategies are different in warmer and drier regions. This dataset also revealed the capacity for variation in the nutrition provided by forage plants, which may drive consumer species coexistence. The proportion of the plant tissue that was digestible ranged between species from 2 to 91%. The amount of fibre contained within plant material ranged by 23–90%, protein by 2–36%, lignin by 1–21% and minerals by 2–22%. On average, grasses and tree foliage contained the most fibre, whilst herbaceous legumes contained the most protein and tree foliage contained the most lignin. However, there were individual species within each functional group that were highly nutritious. This dataset may be used to identify forage plant species or mixtures of species from different functional groups with useful nutritional traits which can be cultivated to enhance livestock productivity and inform wild herbivore conservation strategies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10265-018-1024-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global comparison of the nutritive values of forage plants grown in contrasting environments

Lee

2018

J Plant Res

139

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“…Based on this evidence we hypothesize the sea lamprey alarm cue contains water soluble nitrogenous compounds that are emitted from damaged skin that induce anti-predator behavior in migrating sea lamprey. In this study, we characterize the nitrogenous compounds contained in a previously reported aqueous ethanolic Soxhlet extract from lamprey skin that contains the repellent molecules [12,13,53]. First, we separated the extract into chloroform-soluble and chloroform-insoluble fractions; the chloroform-soluble fraction exhibits no behavioral reactivity and contains cholesterol esters, tri- and di-glycerides, cholesterol, free fatty acids and minor amounts of environmental pollutants [53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we characterize the nitrogenous compounds contained in a previously reported aqueous ethanolic Soxhlet extract from lamprey skin that contains the repellent molecules [12,13,53]. First, we separated the extract into chloroform-soluble and chloroform-insoluble fractions; the chloroform-soluble fraction exhibits no behavioral reactivity and contains cholesterol esters, tri- and di-glycerides, cholesterol, free fatty acids and minor amounts of environmental pollutants [53]. We report evidence that the alarm cue is contained in the water-soluble (chloroform-insoluble) fraction and proceeded to fractionate, purify, and chemically characterize the major nitrogenous compounds that compose this mixture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogenous compounds characterized in the deterrent skin extract of migratory adult sea lamprey from the Great Lakes region

2019

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The sea lamprey ( Petromzons marinus ) is a devastating invasive species that represents a significant impediment to restoration of the Laurentian Great Lakes. There is substantial interest in developing environmentally benign control strategies for sea lamprey, and many other aquatic invasive species, that employ the manipulation of semiochemical information (pheromones and chemical cues) to guide the movements of invaders into control opportunities (e.g. traps, locations for safe pesticide application, etc.). A necessary precursor to the use of semiochemicals in conservation activities is the identification of the chemical constituents that compose the odors. Here, we characterize the major nitrogenous substances from the water-soluble fraction of a skin extract that contains the sea lamprey alarm cue, a powerful repellent that has proven effective in guiding the movements of migrating sea lamprey in rivers. Nitrogenous compounds are suspected components of fish alarm cues as the olfactory sensory neurons that mediate alarm responses transduce amino acids and related compounds. A laboratory assay confirmed the behavioral activity contained in the alarm cue resides in the water-soluble fraction of the skin extract. This water-soluble fraction consisted primarily of creatine (70%), heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds (4.3%) and free amino acids (18.4%), respectively. Among the free amino acids characterized in our study, essential amino acids constituted 13% of the water-soluble fraction. Free amino acids isolated from the water-soluble fraction composed of arginine, phenylalanine, threonine, and asparagine 3.9, 2.7, 2.6 and 2.4% of the water-soluble fraction, respectively. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the nature and use of the sea lamprey alarm cue in conservation activities.

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“…A rapidly expanding body of advanced climate [ 46 ] and global energy-use data [ 7 ] has firmly established the urgent need for strategic leadership and action on CO 2 emissions reductions. Failure to deliver this is forecast to influence the future for centuries, if not millennia [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advanced microalgae-based renewable fuel systems have significant potential to address these needs and to support a globally distributed and dispatchable fuel network to contribute to political, economic, social, environmental, fuel and climate security [ 7 ]. Current first-generation biofuel technologies, reliant on food crops, such as bioethanol from corn or sugar and biodiesel from soy or palm oil, compete with food production for arable land and fresh water and contribute to eutrophication [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic evaluation of microalgae high-density liquid fuel production at 12 international locations

Roles

Yarnold

Hussey

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Microalgae-based high-density fuels offer an efficient and environmental pathway towards decarbonization of the transport sector and could be produced as part of a globally distributed network without competing with food systems for arable land. Variations in climatic and economic conditions significantly impact the economic feasibility and productivity of such fuel systems, requiring harmonized technoeconomic assessments to identify important conditions required for commercial scale up. Methods Here, our previously validated Techno-economic and Lifecycle Analysis (TELCA) platform was extended to provide a direct performance comparison of microalgae diesel production at 12 international locations with variable climatic and economic settings. For each location, historical weather data, and jurisdiction-specific policy and economic inputs were used to simulate algal productivity, evaporation rates, harvest regime, CapEx and OpEx, interest and tax under location-specific operational parameters optimized for Minimum Diesel Selling Price (MDSP, US$ L−1). The economic feasibility, production capacity and CO2-eq emissions of a defined 500 ha algae-based diesel production facility is reported for each. Results Under a for-profit business model, 10 of the 12 locations achieved a minimum diesel selling price (MDSP) under US$ 1.85 L−1 / US$ 6.99 gal−1. At a fixed theoretical MDSP of US$ 2 L−1 (US$ 7.57 gal−1) these locations could achieve a profitable Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 9.5–22.1%. Under a public utility model (0% profit, 0% tax) eight locations delivered cost-competitive renewable diesel at an MDSP of < US$ 1.24 L−1 (US$ 4.69 gal−1). The CO2-eq emissions of microalgae diesel were about one-third of fossil-based diesel. Conclusions The public utility approach could reduce the fuel price toward cost-competitiveness, providing a key step on the path to a profitable fully commercial renewable fuel industry by attracting the investment needed to advance technology and commercial biorefinery co-production options. Governments’ adoption of such an approach could accelerate decarbonization, improve fuel security, and help support a local COVID-19 economic recovery. This study highlights the benefits and limitations of different factors at each location (e.g., climate, labour costs, policy, C-credits) in terms of the development of the technology—providing insights on how governments, investors and industry can drive the technology forward. Graphic abstract

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Chemical Characterization of Lipophilic Constituents in the Skin of Migratory Adult Sea Lamprey from the Great Lakes Region

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

A global comparison of the nutritive values of forage plants grown in contrasting environments

A global comparison of the nutritive values of forage plants grown in contrasting environments

Nitrogenous compounds characterized in the deterrent skin extract of migratory adult sea lamprey from the Great Lakes region

Techno-economic evaluation of microalgae high-density liquid fuel production at 12 international locations

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