Chemical characterization of odorous emissions: A comparative performance study of different sampling methods

Optimization of volatile organic compounds sampling from dairy cow exhaled breath using polymer-based solid-phase extraction cartridges for gas chromatographic analysis

“…They compared the performance of two methods for VOC sampling from a biomass storage plant using polymeric sampling bags and different sorbent tubes for automatic desorption (ATD) of the sampled emission from the polymeric bags. In particular, the above-mentioned aldehydes and esters of carboxylic acids, were not detectable using the ATD but were detected in the polymeric sampling bags [9]. This observation illustrates that large differences in results may arise due to differences in the choice of sampling and storage devices, as well as the analytical technique used.…”

“…In our experiment, the aldehydes butenal, decanal, cis-7-decen-1-al, heptanal, hexanal, cis-11hexadecenal, nonanal, octanal, and tetradecenal and the carboxylic acid esters acetic acid butyl ester and propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-propenyl ester were detected. These and other VOCs, especially from the chemical groups of aldehydes and carboxylic acid esters, differed in their detectability from a previous study by Polvara et al [9]. They compared the performance of two methods for VOC sampling from a biomass storage plant using polymeric sampling bags and different sorbent tubes for automatic desorption (ATD) of the sampled emission from the polymeric bags.…”

“…To date, no standardized sampling procedure has been established for volatilome analysis, and the most appropriate technical setup has not been established [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Typically, three main sampling approaches are used: adsorbent cartridges, stainless steel canisters, and polymeric bags [9][10][11]. However, the compound detection may vary due to differences in portability, VOC background, sampling volumes, suitability for different compound groups and matrices, and VOC concentrations and stability during storage [9,12].…”

“…Typically, three main sampling approaches are used: adsorbent cartridges, stainless steel canisters, and polymeric bags [9][10][11]. However, the compound detection may vary due to differences in portability, VOC background, sampling volumes, suitability for different compound groups and matrices, and VOC concentrations and stability during storage [9,12]. VOCs are exhaled in breath at very low concentrations-in the ppt to ppb range [13], and due to their high volatility and the high humidity of exhaled breath from dairy cows [14], difficulties may arise during sampling and chemical analysis [9].…”

“…However, the compound detection may vary due to differences in portability, VOC background, sampling volumes, suitability for different compound groups and matrices, and VOC concentrations and stability during storage [9,12]. VOCs are exhaled in breath at very low concentrations-in the ppt to ppb range [13], and due to their high volatility and the high humidity of exhaled breath from dairy cows [14], difficulties may arise during sampling and chemical analysis [9]. For example, stainless steel canisters and polymeric bags are limited in their storage volume and are susceptible to sample loss during storage until VOC analysis, leading to concentration problems [15].…”