Chemical characterization of pollution layers over the tropical Indian Ocean: Signatures of emissions from biomass and fossil fuel burning

Reiner, Thomas; Sprung, Detlev; Jost, C.; Gabriel, R.; Mayol-Bracero, O. L.; Andreae, Meinrat O.; Campos, T. L.; Shelter, R.

doi:10.1029/2000jd900695

Cited by 66 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The (measured) maximum just above the boundary layer is though to be related to the local sea breeze circulation at the Indian Coasts Leon et al, 2001). Similar layers have also been reported for aerosol measurements (Leon et al, 2001;Müller et al, 2001;Reiner et al, 2001), CO (de Laat et al, 2001;Reiner et al, 2001), acetone, acetonitrile and SO 2 (Reiner et al, 2001). The sea breeze circulation causes polluted continental air masses to be lifted above the (marine) boundary layer after which they are advected from the continent to the ocean.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

On the origin of tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> over the Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon: African biomass burning vs. stratosphere-troposphere exchange

Laat

2002

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. This study investigates the origin of a commonly observed feature in the O 3 profiles: mid tropospheric O 3 maxima (300-500 hPa) over the tropical Indian Ocean. A comparison and analysis of model simulations, using a 3-D global climate-chemistry model, and measured O 3 profiles from the INDOEX campaign is presented. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) meteorological analyses have been assimilated into the 3-D model to represent actual meteorology. The model realistically simulates the observed mid-tropospheric O 3 maxima. The analysis of the model simulations shows that the major source of the mid-tropospheric O 3 maxima is advection of polluted air masses from continental biomass burning areas over Africa, with generally only a small contribution of stratospheric O 3 . Previous studies hinted at stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) along the subtropical jet (STJ) as the primary source of the mid-tropospheric O 3 maxima over the Indian Ocean. Analysis of the model simulations shows that the mechanism causing the mid-tropospheric transport of African biomass burning pollution and stratospheric air masses are frontal zones or waves passing along the subtropical jets, causing advection of tropical air masses in the prefrontal (equatorward) zone. Furthermore, the frontal zones or waves also cause STE at the poleward side of the STJ. The model simulations also indicate that the contribution of STE in general is minor compared to advection and in situ tropospheric production of O 3 for the mid-tropospheric O 3 budget over the Indian Ocean region.

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Section: Summary and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

On the origin of tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> over the Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon: African biomass burning vs. stratosphere-troposphere exchange

Laat

2002

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Furthermore, acetone can provide substantial amounts of OH and HO 2 radicals in the free troposphere that may contribute to ozone production (Singh et al, 1995;McKeen et al, 1997). A good correlation has been observed between carbon monoxide and acetone mixing ratios during several field studies (Singh et al, 1994;Mauzerall et al, 1998;Reiner et al, 2001), which points to common sources of CO and acetone. CO is a well known tracer for anthropogenic pollution and biomass burning, since it is produced by incomplete combustion processes.…”

Section: European Geosciences Union 2003mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Reiner et al, (2001) observed a slope of 14 ppt v acetone/ppb v CO for a measurement flight of the NCAR-C130 aircraft in the marine boundary layer during INDOEX. Another flight in the free troposphere, which was for a large part conducted in the southern hemisphere, indicated a slope of 3.4 ppt v acetone/ppb v CO.…”

Section: Comparison With Literature Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between acetone and carbon monoxide in different air masses

et al. 2003

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Abstract. Carbon monoxide and acetone measurements are presented for five aircraft measurement campaigns at midlatitudes, polar and tropical regions in the northern hemisphere. Throughout all campaigns, free tropospheric air masses, which were influenced by anthropogenic emissions, showed a similar linear relation between acetone and CO, with a slope of 21-25 ppt v acetone/ppb v CO. Measurements in the anthropogenically influenced marine boundary layer revealed a slope of 13-16 ppt v acetone/ppb v CO. The different slopes observed in the marine boundary layer and the free troposphere indicate that acetone is emitted by the ocean in relatively clean air masses and taken up by the ocean in polluted air masses. In the lowermost stratosphere, a good correlation between acetone and CO was observed as well, however, with a much smaller slope (∼5 ppt v acetone/ppb v CO) compared to the troposphere. This is caused by the longer photochemical lifetime of CO compared to acetone in the lower stratosphere, due to the increasing photolytic loss of acetone and the decreasing OH concentration with altitude. No significant correlation between acetone and CO was observed over the tropical rain forest due to the large direct and indirect biogenic emissions of acetone.The common slopes of the linear acetone-CO relation in various layers of the atmosphere, during five field experiments, makes them useful for model calculations. Often a single observation of the acetone-CO correlation, determined from stratospheric measurements, has been used in box model applications. This study shows that different slopes have to be considered for marine boundary layer, free tropospheric and stratospheric air masses, and that the acetone-CO relation cannot be used for air masses which are strongly influenced by biogenic emissions.Correspondence to: M. de Reus

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“…The Maldives Islands are the focus point of air mass from different origins in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) and aloft during the winter monsoon (e.g. Reiner et al, 2001;Pelon et al, 2002). Meteosat 5 exhibited aerosol optical depths as high as 0.5 in the vicinity of the Maldives during the first half of March (Léon et al, 2001;Pelon et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of the haze plume over the Indian Ocean during INDOEX: tracer simulations and LIDAR observations

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Three-dimensional, nested tracer simulations of a pollution plume originating from the Indian sub-continent over the Indian Ocean, in the framework of the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), between 5 and 9 March 1999, were performed with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), to provide insight into the transport patterns of the pollutants, as well as to investigate the dynamical mechanisms controlling the vertical structure of the plume and its evolution in the vicinity of the Maldives Islands. Airborne and ground-based LIDAR observations of the structure of the haze plume made on 7 March 1999 were used to assess the quality of the simulations, as well as the impact of grid resolution on the vertical structure of the simulated plume. It is shown that, over the Arabian Sea, in the vicinity of the Maldives Islands, the pollutants composing the plume observed by the airborne LIDAR essentially originated from the city of Madras and that the vertical structure of the plume was controlled by the diurnal cycle of the continental boundary layer depth. A combination of tracer simulations and remote sensing observations (airborne LIDAR, ship-borne photometer, ground-based LIDAR in Goa) was used to analyse the diurnal evolution of the haze plume over the sea. We find evidence that the sea breeze circulation and orographic lifting taking place in the southern part of the Indian sub-continent during the daytime play a crucial role in the modulation of the continental boundary layer depth, and in turn, the haze plume depth. The eastward shift of the subtropical high from central India to the Bay of Bengal after 6 March lead to an increase in the tracer concentrations simulated over the Arabian Sea, in the region of intensive observations north of the Maldives, as transport pathways form Hyderabad and Madras were modified significantly. The nesting of a high horizontal resolution Correspondence to: G. Forêt (foret@lisa.univ-paris12.fr) domain (5 km, with 39 vertical levels below 4000 m above mean seal level) allows for a better representation of local dynamics, the circulation of sea and mountains breezes, and therefore a noticeable improvement in the representation of the pollutants' plume in the simulation.

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Chemical characterization of pollution layers over the tropical Indian Ocean: Signatures of emissions from biomass and fossil fuel burning

Cited by 66 publications

References 53 publications

On the origin of tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> over the Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon: African biomass burning vs. stratosphere-troposphere exchange

On the origin of tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> over the Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon: African biomass burning vs. stratosphere-troposphere exchange

On the relationship between acetone and carbon monoxide in different air masses

The structure of the haze plume over the Indian Ocean during INDOEX: tracer simulations and LIDAR observations

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Chemical characterization of pollution layers over the tropical Indian Ocean: Signatures of emissions from biomass and fossil fuel burning

Cited by 66 publications

References 53 publications

On the origin of tropospheric O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; over the Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon: African biomass burning vs. stratosphere-troposphere exchange

On the origin of tropospheric O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; over the Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon: African biomass burning vs. stratosphere-troposphere exchange

On the relationship between acetone and carbon monoxide in different air masses

The structure of the haze plume over the Indian Ocean during INDOEX: tracer simulations and LIDAR observations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

On the origin of tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> over the Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon: African biomass burning vs. stratosphere-troposphere exchange

On the origin of tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> over the Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon: African biomass burning vs. stratosphere-troposphere exchange