Chemical characterization of rainwater at Singapore

Hu, Guiping; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar; Wu, Chong

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00028-6

Cited by 122 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The results of the correlation analysis indicate a strong correlation between NH4 + to NO3 -which may be because of their common source. Similar chemical compositions in air particles have also been found in many other areas around the world, such as, Brazil, Spain, Singapore, China, and Antarctic Peninsula (Avila 1996, Mello 2001, Hu et al 2003.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Ionssupporting

confidence: 75%

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Determination of Ion Concentrations and Heavy Metals in the Air Particulates of an Industrial Area

Işıldak¹

2011

KSEJ

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This study deals with the determination of heavy metals, anions and cations in atmospheric aerosols at four heavily polluted sites in Samsun city, Turkey. The anions (Cl -, Br -, NO3 -and NO2 -) and cations (Na + , K + and NH4 + ) in the samples were determined by ion chromatography using a potentiometric detector with ion selective electrodes. Flame and graphite-furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer was used for the determination of Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe. The average values of Cl -, NO3 -, NO2 -, Br -, Na + , K + and NH4 + concentrations in the samples were 4.58±1.30, 7.42±1.32, 0.86±0.10, 0.28±0.05, 0.77±0.13, 0.72±0.06, and 1.08±0.09 µg/m 3 respectively. The average values of Zn, Cu, Fe and Pb concentrations in the samples were 2.32±0.21, 1.71±0.14, 2.29±0.18, and 2.46±0.22 µg/m 3 respectively.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of Ionssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Fig 4 illustrates temporal variation patterns of all heavy metals over the whole study period using the normalized concentrations of each individual metal. Concentrations of heavy metals in air particulate samples in our study area were found higher than the World Health Organization (Hu et al 2003).…”

Section: The Concentrations Of Heavy Metalscontrasting

confidence: 70%

Determination of Ion Concentrations and Heavy Metals in the Air Particulates of an Industrial Area

Işıldak¹

2011

KSEJ

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“…Galy-Lacaux et al (2001) argued that this capture could be complete and could explain the neutralization of the rain's potential acidity. There have been a number of observations of alkaline soil influencing rain chemistry (e.g., Avila, 1998;Hu et al, 2003, Kulshrestha et al, 2003. Neutralization of acidity in rainwater can be due to gaseous ammonia or particulate CaCO 3 (Al-Momani et al, 1995Al-Khashman, 2009).…”

Section: Neutralizing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature and Sources of Ionic Species in Precipitation across the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India

Tiwari

Hopke

Thimmaiah

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The spatial distribution of rainwater chemistry over the densely-populated and highly polluted Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) was investigated using samples (total = 687) collected during three consecutive summer monsoon seasons from 2009 to 2011. The concentrations of secondary ionic species (SO 4 2-and NO 3 -) were measured along with the other major ions (F -, Cl -, Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and NH 4 + ) and pH and specific conductivity. The weighted mean pH (± std) and conductivity of rainwater were 5.73 (± 0.17) and 31.6 (± 31.0) µS cm -1 , respectively. Approximately 16% of rainwater samples were acidic (pH < 5.61) with a mean pH = 5.38 of acid rain and rest of them were more alkaline (pH > 5.61) (mean pH = 6.34 for the more basic samples). Specific conductivity was ~39% lower (20.6 µS cm -1 ) for the acidic rain compared to the more basic (33.6 µS cm -1 ) samples.

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“…This factor is therefore likely to represent a mixed source involving inputs from combustion processes as well as soil resuspension. The association of these ions (i.e., Ca 2+ , NH + 4 , NO − 3 , and SO 2− 4 ) has frequently been observed in factor analysis conducted in previous studies (Hu et al, 2003;Wai et al, 2008;Song and Gao, 2009), and is attributed to the neutralization of acidic anions by alkaline cations in precipitation (Wai et al, 2008). Since the loadings of DON on these two factors are rather low, the contributions from marine emissions, soil dust, and combustion-related processes to DON are expected to be less significant.…”

Section: Source Identification For Donmentioning

confidence: 69%

Sources and fluxes of organic nitrogen in precipitation over the southern East Sea/Sea of Japan

Yan

Kim

2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We measured total dissolved reactive nitrogen in precipitation samples collected at Uljin, a Korean coastal site upwind of the southern East Sea/Sea of Japan (EJS), selected as a representative study site of atmospheric deposition over the northwestern Pacific margin. NO − 3 was found to be the most abundant nitrogen species, followed by NH + 4 and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Air-mass back-trajectory (AMBT) analysis revealed that a significant fraction of the inorganic nitrogen (NO − 3 and NH + 4 ) originated from mainland Asia, whereas the DON was primarily derived from Korea. Using varimax-rotated factor analysis in combination with major ions as tracers, agricultural activities in Korea were identified as the primary sources of DON in these samples. In addition, a positive correlation was found at Uljin between the size of organic fraction in total reactive nitrogen and nitrogen to carbon atomic ratio in organic matter. This correlation has also been observed at other locations worldwide, implying the utilization potential of atmospheric organic nitrogen might increase with its proportion in total nitrogen. Combining wet deposition measurements in this study with literature values for dry deposition observed at a remote island in the EJS, the total atmospheric depositional flux of reactive nitrogen was estimated to be 115 mmol N m −2 yr −1 over the southern EJS. Our study sheds new light on the potentially significant contribution to primary productivity of the northwestern Pacific Ocean by atmospheric deposition of nitrogen, especially the organic fraction.

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Chemical characterization of rainwater at Singapore

Cited by 122 publications

References 17 publications

Determination of Ion Concentrations and Heavy Metals in the Air Particulates of an Industrial Area

Determination of Ion Concentrations and Heavy Metals in the Air Particulates of an Industrial Area

Nature and Sources of Ionic Species in Precipitation across the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India

Sources and fluxes of organic nitrogen in precipitation over the southern East Sea/Sea of Japan

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