Chemical cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes in the milk industry

Kazemimoghadam, Mansoor; Mohammadi, Toraj

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.04.030

Cited by 108 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, chemical methods are the most often used in the food industry [3]. Some of these chemical agents are acids, alkalis, surfactants, disinfectants or combinations of them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in order to clean the membranes fouled with milk and whey, most of the studies in the literature recommend the same cleaning protocol: one alkali washing step followed by an acid washing step [2,3,6]. If the membrane separation characteristics are not the initial ones after this protocol, another washing stage based on disinfectants or surfactants, such as sodium hypochloride or sodium dodecyl sulphate, can be performed [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For that reason, choosing the best cleaning agents and operating conditions to optimize the cleaning processes is necessary [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes fouled with BSA by means of saline solutions

Corbatón-Báguena

Álvarez-Blanco

Vincent‐Vela

2014

Separation and Purification Technology

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Accepted ManuscriptThis is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractIn this work, four ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with molecular weight cut-offs (MWCOs) of 5, 15, 30 and 50 kDa, respectively, were fouled with 1 % BSA aqueous solutions and cleaned with different saline solutions. The influence of MWCO, membrane material and operating conditions on the cleaning efficiency was investigated. Saline solutions were able to clean the 5, 15 and 30 kDa membranes, but not the 50 kDa membrane. NaCl, NaNO 3 , NH 4 Cl and KCl were the most effective salts. The cleaning tests demonstrated that the higher the temperature of the saline solution was, the higher the cleaning efficiency was also. In addition, an increase in the crossflow velocity resulted in an increase in the hydraulic cleaning efficiency (HCE). However, there was an optimum value of salt concentration to clean the membrane effectively. Response Surface 2 Methodology was used to investigate the relationship between salt concentration and temperature in the cleaning process.

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“…However, chemical methods are the most often used in the food industry [3]. Some of these chemical agents are acids, alkalis, surfactants, disinfectants or combinations of them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes fouled with BSA by means of saline solutions

Corbatón-Báguena

Álvarez-Blanco

Vincent‐Vela

2014

Separation and Purification Technology

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“…To overcome this problem, a cleaning process must be carried out. Cleaning is usually performed in the three forms: physical, chemical and biological 2 . Chemical methods are probably the most widely used.…”

Section: -2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical cleaning of ceramic membrane used in UF

Tomaszewska

Białończyk

2012

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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Ultrafi ltration (UF) is one of the membrane processes which is mostly used in the dairy industry for the separation and concentration of whey components or fermentation broth. Fouling of UF membranes in the food industry is primarily due to a deposition of microorganisms, proteins, fats and minerals on the membrane surface. Thus, cleaning of the membranes is an essential step of UF separation. The results from investigations of chemical cleaning of a ceramic UF membrane fouled by precipitation of whey components and yeast contained in the fermentation broth are presented. The effect of cleaning procedure on the degree of permeability restoration by the fouled membrane was studied. The results demonstrated that a combination of sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid and sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant could be successfully used to achieve an optimum recovery of the membrane properties.

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“…Generally, there are four well-known models to describe membrane fouling mechanisms including complete pore blocking, intermediate pore blocking (long term adsorption), standard pore blocking (direct adsorption) and cake filtration models [20,21,[86][87][88]. For cake filtration theory, the flux equation can be written as follow [20]:…”

Section: Transport Fouling and Membrane Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of vacuum-assisted preparation methods of inorganic membranes

Jalil¹

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This research project systematically investigated the pore size tailoring of inorganic derived membranes by a novel vacuum-assisted preparation method. In particular, the effect of vacuum exposure time on the morphological features of the as-prepared membranes was investigated.Phenolic resin and titanium (IV) propoxide (TTP) precursors were chosen for the synthesis of carbon and titania membranes, respectively. The innovation in this study is that the preparation method is based on a combined dip-coating and vacuum-assisted method which has not been explored in literature. The pore size of the membranes was tailored by varying the vacuum times during preparation (0-1200s). The membranes were characterised by measuring the flux for a variety of organic substances, each having a different molecular weight cut-off.The first major contribution of this work is the effective preparation of carbon and titania membranes via the vacuum-assisted method. This has not been achieved before in the literature. no vacuum exposure. The membranes were also able to achieve rejections close to 100% for large MW PVP-360000 organics. However, no significant separation was observed for the lower MW glucose and sucrose. Separation values were measured for PVP-40000, and the carbon membranes delivered higher rejection than the titania membranes. The results suggest that the effect of vacuum time on pore size was stronger for the carbon membranes compared to the titania membranes.The second contribution of this thesis is related to the proposed mechanism of formation of the carbon membranes derived from the phenolic resins. It was found that the vacuum-assisted method imparted different morphologies and even influenced the chemistry of the carbon membranes.Specifically, resin crosslinking reactions were promoted as a function of the vacuum time. Further, pore volumes and surface areas increased from 0.81 cm 3 g -1 and 834 m 2 g -1 to 2.2 cm 3 g -1 and 1910 m 2 g -1 as the respective vacuum exposure time increased from 0 to 1200 s. This work postulates that a cluster to cluster aggregation mechanism brought the phenolic oligomers in close proximity, initiating polycondensation and the formation of micro porous regions. Concomitantly, the distances between the clusters increased creating meso and macroporous regions. This results in increased water fluxes due to a reduction of mass transfer resistance as pore volume increased as a function of the vacuum time.iiThe third contribution of this thesis is related to the structural formation of the titania membranes by the vacuum-assisted method. The aggregation of Ti-O-Ti networks to form titania nanoparticles increased in proportion to vacuum exposure time. Further, the thesis proposes that upon calcination the titania crystallite size increased as a function of the vacuum time, accompanied by an increase in particle size. Therefore, porosity was controlled by the inter-particle void, which is a function of the particle size. As the particle size of titania increased, the water flux of...

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Chemical cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes in the milk industry

Cited by 108 publications

References 9 publications

Cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes fouled with BSA by means of saline solutions

Cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes fouled with BSA by means of saline solutions

The chemical cleaning of ceramic membrane used in UF

Investigation of vacuum-assisted preparation methods of inorganic membranes

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