Chemical, Clinical, and Immunological Studies on the Products of Human Plasma Fractionation. Xiii. The Separation and Concentration of Isohemagglutinins From Group-Specific Human Plasma 12

Abstract

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Landsteiner (1, 2) reported the presence of normal isohemagglutinins in human serums and their corresponding agglutinogens in the red cells. On the basis of these observations, normal human blood is classified into 4 groups, i.e., Groups 0, A, B, and AB. Continued research has served to confirm Landsteiner's observations and postulates. Landsteiner found further that an isohemagglutinin and its homologous agglutinogen could not exist together in the same blood, and that their relationships are reciprocal; i.e., the presence of one indicates the absence of the other.With the advent of whole blood transfusions as an important therapeutic procedure, it became necessary to determine the blood groups of both donors and recipients prior to transfusion. A number of methods have been described for assigning an unknown blood to one of the 4 blood groups. In practice, they involve the collection and preservation of 2 grouping serums, containing, respectively, avid Anti-A and Anti-B agglutinins, preferably in high titer. The isohemagglutinin serums are mixed with the cells of the unknown blood under appropiate conditions which will give prompt true agglutination

Chemical, Clinical, and Immunological Studies on the Products of Human Plasma Fractionation. X. The Concentrations of Certain Antibodies in Globulin Fractions Derived From Human Blood Plasma 12

“…6 See footnote 5. 7 The virus employed is the PR8 strain of influenza A. The chorioallantoic fluid of the developing hen's egg inoculated on the 10th day of incubation is collected on the 12th day and stored at -76°C.…”

Chemical, Clinical, and Immunological Studies on the Products of Human Plasma Fractionation. I. The Characterization of the Protein Fractions of Human Plasma 12

“…Hypertensinogen has been concentrated in Fraction IV-2 (25,26); while the properties and uses of the various products that have been prepared from the clotting proteins are considered in Papers XV to XXII (5, 21, 35 to 40) of this series.…”

Chemical, Clinical, and Immunological Studies on the Products of Human Plasma Fractionation. Xxv. The Preparation of Anti-a Isoagglutinin Reagents From Mixed Blood of Groups O and B 12

“…In a previous publication (1), it has been stated that reagents for the determination of blood groups are obtained as products of the human plasma fractionation program. By a chemical procedure, the isoagglutinin-containing globulins are separated from most of the other plasma proteins, thereby enabling the use of the latter fractions for other purposes (2), and the use of the refined isoagglutinins in concentrated form for blood group examinations.…”

“…By a chemical procedure, the isoagglutinin-containing globulins are separated from most of the other plasma proteins, thereby enabling the use of the latter fractions for other purposes (2), and the use of the refined isoagglutinins in concentrated form for blood group examinations. The properties of the preparations-obtained in this manner from groupspecific plasma have been described (1,3), and the United States Navy has let contracts with the industry to procure the reagents. This laboratory served to controlP this iosagglutination production program, and so it has had the opportunity of determining what changes in methods would provide larger amounts of good quality bloodgrouping preparations.…”

“…Two blood-grouping re- 1 This work has been carried out under contract, recommended by the Committee on Medical Research, between the Office of Scientific Research and Development and Harvard University. 2This paper is Number 35 in the series "Studies on Plasma Proteins" from the Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, on products developed by the Department of Physical Chemistry from blood collected by the American Red Cross.…”