Chemical Components in Noni Fruits and Leaves (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i> L.)

Sang, Shengmin; Wang, M; He, Kan; Liu, G; Dong, Zigang; Badmaev,; Zheng, QY; Ghai, Geetha; Rosen, Rachel; Ct, Ho

doi:10.1021/bk-2002-0803.ch010

Cited by 45 publications

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“…Comparing the data from Figure 5a with the literature, we found that several authors [28][29][30][31] have also performed leaf extractions and obtained slightly different compounds from those identified in this study, such as alanine, scopoletin and leucine.…”

Section: Gc-qms Analysissupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The hexane proved to be a more suitable solvent for the extraction of squalene and derivatives, whereas ethanol was more efficient for furfural and derivatives. Different solvents can lead to different products and indicate different applications for the extracts.Comparing the data from Figure 5a with the literature, we found that several authors [28][29][30][31] have also performed leaf extractions and obtained slightly different compounds from those identified in this study, such as alanine, scopoletin and leucine.The compounds identified in the fruits of noni (Figure 5b) present some similar characteristics with the compounds analyzed in the leaves, but no alcohols were identified, which were present in about 7% of the total composition of the extracted leaves. Shami 32 analyzed methanol extracts via GC-MS and obtained the acids 1-butanoic (19.06%), butyric (8.49%), propanoic (14.85%) and carbamimidic (6.03%), beside others like N-acetylisoxazolidine (10.15%), 1,3-propanediol (6.61%), 4,5-octanediol (2.22%), 1,3-oxazine (0.64%) and semicarbazone (0.64%).…”

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confidence: 65%

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Ultrasonic Extracts of Morinda citrifolia L.: Characterization of Volatile Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Lima¹,

Santos²,

Celestino³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Morinda citrifolia (noni) is found in the Atlantic and Amazonian Forest in Brazil and with recognized uses in folk medicine. However, few studies exist in its chemical characterization. The present work aims to investigate the efficiency of the sonication for extracting bioactive compounds from fruits and leaves of noni, using an experimental design of 2 3 , whose variables were time, temperature and mass of the plant. Parallel extractions were performed using two extraction solvents (hexane and ethanol) and the same experimental design. The compounds were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The independent variable was the mass yield and all the variables studied in the sonication process were significant (p < 0.05%) for the process. Ethanol was more effective than hexane and the leaves produced higher yield and diversity of compounds than fruits. Vitamin E (tocopherol), octanoic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural, phytol and squalene were the main compounds identified. Keywords: Morinda citrifolia L., sonication, gas chromatography, GC-MS, tocopherols IntroductionMorinda citrifolia Linn. (noni) is natural from Hawaii and Tahiti and belongs to the Rubiacea Juss. family. Noni has a pantropical distribution and a capacity of growth in several kinds of soils and in all seasons.1,2 More than 160 phytochemical compounds were already described as constituents of noni extracts (by maceration and Soxhlet). [1][2][3][4] Phytochemical compounds are normally present in plants as secondary metabolites and they are responsible for plants growth and protection against oxidation and plagues. 5 Many methodologies have been developed worldwide for characterizing different natural compounds aiming to identify and quantify the bioactive ones, indicating their application in food or phytomedicine. [6][7][8] The amount and quality of extracts are strongly associated to the extraction technique applied. Sonication, or ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), is a physical procedure that uses the energy of ultrasound waves for producing variations on the liquid pressure, generating the cavitation process and promoting the extraction.9 UAE is one of the most efficient extraction techniques due to its intense interaction between solid (plant) and liquid (solvent) phases. [8][9][10][11] Sonication has some advantages over other extraction techniques such as the low cost, simplicity, efficiency, reproducibility and the applicability for a high range of samples. 8,[10][11][12] The implosion of bubbles generated by cavitation releases heat and increases turbulence on the liquid, causing the disruption of the plant cells, allowing the diffusion of the solvent into the matrix. Therefore, this process increases the solubility of the analytes, which will also enhance the Lima et al. 133 Vol. 30, No. 1, 2019 extraction efficiency. 13,14 The extracts are normally analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 8,15 Among the phytotherapeutic effects of noni, it is possible to highlight the anti-inflammatory, ana...

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Section: Gc-qms Analysissupporting

confidence: 65%

supporting

confidence: 65%

Ultrasonic Extracts of Morinda citrifolia L.: Characterization of Volatile Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Lima¹,

Santos²,

Celestino³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…A wide spectrum of anthraquinones were reported, mostly from the root, together with iridoids, flavonoids, phytosterols and carotenoids [7,8]. Plant cell cultures were analyzed mainly for their capabilities for synthesis of anthraquinoid pigments.…”

Section: Constituents Of Noni Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polysaccharide fraction consists primarily of the pectic homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I, arabinan, and type I and II arabinogalactans [11]. Iridoids such as asperulosidic acid, deacetylasperulosidic acid, morindacin, 6α-hydroxyadoxoside, and a number of minor known compounds have been reported [7,12,13,14]. Flavonol glycosides include rutin, narcissoside and nicotifloroside, and several known and new lignans such as americanin A, americanoic acid, morindolin and others were reported [14,15].…”

Section: Constituents Of Noni Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flavonol glycosides include rutin, narcissoside and nicotifloroside, and several known and new lignans such as americanin A, americanoic acid, morindolin and others were reported [14,15]. The coumarin scopoletin has been identified [7]. A series of 1-hydroxyanthraquinones have been isolated from the fruits, including citrifolinin B, alizarin-1-methylether and related compounds [13,14,16].…”

Section: Constituents Of Noni Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noni-Frucht(Morinda citrifolia)- Novel Food oder Phytopharmakon? Eine Übersicht zu Sicherheit, Pharmakologie, Wirkversprechen und Nutzen

Hamburger¹

2007

Schweiz Z Ganzheitsmed

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Hintergrund: Produkte auf der Basis der Noni-Frucht (Morinda citrifolia) werden seit den 1990er Jahren zunÄchst in den USA und heute weltweit als NahrungsergÄnzungsmittel propagiert und vertrieben. Eine Vielzahl von gesundheitsfÖrdernden und protektiven Wirkungen wird angepriesen. Noni-Fruchtsaft ist seit 2003 im EU-Raum zugelassen unter der Novel-Food-Verordnung. Zielsetzung: Es soll eine Übersicht gegeben werden Über den derzeitigen Kenntnisstand betreffend der Inhaltsstoffe, der pharmakologischen und toxikologischen Untersuchungen. Methoden: Systematische Auswertung der wissenschaftlichen Literatur und Patente zu Noni. Ergebnisse: Der Kenntnisstand zu den Inhaltsstoffen der Noni-Frucht hat sich in den letzten Jahren signifikant verbessert. Eine Vielzahl von In-vitro- und, seltener, In-vivo-Untersuchungen weisen auf potentielle Wirkung einzelner Inhaltsstoffe hin. Klinische Daten fehlen jedoch weitestgehend. Auf der Grundlage einer toxikologischen PrÜfung wurde Noni-Saft im EU-Raum unter der Novel-Food-Verordnung zugelassen. Im letzten Jahr wurde jedoch Über FÄlle von LebertoxizitÄt berichtet, so dass die Sicherheitslage derzeit ÜberprÜft wird. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Kenntnisstand zu Noni-Frucht ist noch unvollstÄndig. Eine umfassende phytochemische Analyse und ein Vergleich der verscheidenen Noni-Produkte fehlen. Eine mÖgliche klinische Relevanz der experimentell-pharmakologischen Befunde ist noch nicht klar. Die seltenen FÄlle von beobachteter LebertoxizitÄt mÜssen genauer untersucht werden.

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Super Fruits: Pomegranate, Wolfberry, Aronia (Chokeberry), Acai, Noni, and Amla

Sidhu

Zafar

2012

Handbook of Fruits and Fruit Processing

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Chemical Components in Noni Fruits and Leaves (Morinda citrifolia L.)

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Ultrasonic Extracts of Morinda citrifolia L.: Characterization of Volatile Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Ultrasonic Extracts of Morinda citrifolia L.: Characterization of Volatile Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Noni-Frucht(Morinda citrifolia)- Novel Food oder Phytopharmakon? Eine Übersicht zu Sicherheit, Pharmakologie, Wirkversprechen und Nutzen

Super Fruits: Pomegranate, Wolfberry, Aronia (Chokeberry), Acai, Noni, and Amla

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