Plant exudates have been extensively used in the past for different applications related to their olfactory, physical or medical properties. Their identification in archaeological samples relies, notably, on the characterisation of chemotaxonomic molecular markers but is often hampered by the severe alteration of their typical genuine molecular signature due to ageing. Among these exudates, those recovered from Styrax, Liquidambar and Myroxylon tree species-defined as balsams-have been exploited in the past for their pleasant scent and medical properties. They are characterized by a large variety of aromatic compounds, especially of the cinnamate and benzoate series, which can be used to assess their botanical source. These compound series may, however, be subject to alteration over time during exposure to environmental conditions in the case of archaeological material. As a result, their reliability as chemotaxonomic markers to characterise and discriminate archaeological balsams is problematic and questionable. We have, therefore, carried out a comparative analysis of various balsams (Styrax officinalis, S. paralleloneurum, S. tonkinensis, Liquidambar styraciflua, L. orientalis and M. balsamum var. pereirae) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to search for more reliable solid lipid markers. The results revealed that, even in the case of extended alteration/removal of cinnamic and benzoic acid derivatives, a distinction between styrax, liquidambars, Peru and Tolu balsams remains possible based on the distribution of pentacyclic triterpenes. The predominance of