Chemical composition and amino acid profile of differently processed feather meal

Abstract

Feather wastes represent potential alternative ingredients for animal feedstuffs which can ameliorate the protein shortage for food and feed. Previous attempts to provide information about the nutrient composition of feather meal are either too complicated for rural livestock farmers in developing countries or they provided incomplete information on chemical composition. Washed feathers were subjected to different processing techniques such as pre-soaking in distilled water, wood ash, 0.3M NaOH, a mixture of wood ash and 0.3M NaOH, incubated at 37 o C and boiled at 150 o C for 60 minutes. Treated feather meals were analysed for chemical composition and amino acid profile. The overall result showed that feather meal pre-soaked with wood ash for 24 hr boiled at 150 o C for 60 minutes, those pre-soaked with 0.3M NaOH and wood ash incubated at 37 o C for 24 hr boiled at 150 o C for 60 minutes and raw feather meal pre-soaked in distilled water for 24 hr boiled at 150 o C for 60 minutes gave better results. Wood ash and 0.3M NaOH and their mixture could enhance the nutritional value of feather meal.

Chemical composition of differently processed Cattle Hoof meal Waste as Feedstuff Ingredient

“…Crushed samples were milled using local burr mill grinder (Sule & Odugbose, 2014). Milled samples (200 g each) were subjected to Chemical treatment method with soda ash (10 % sodium ash for 60 hours at 20 °C) (AFRIS, 2012), fermentation treatment in water for 60hours (Sotolu, 2008), wood ash fermentation treatment (Adejumo et al, 2016) 10 % wood ash water for 60 hours, autoclave treatment only (Omitoyin, 1995) in autoclave machine Model YX-280A for 1 hour at 150 psi and raw unprocessed hoof (Owen et al, 1953a). All n = 5 samples were boiled for one hour (AFRIS, 2012) with the exception of autoclave treatment and oven dried at 50 o C for 8 hours.…”

“…The processing methods used in this study compared to (Owen et al, 1953a;Falaye, 1982;Omitoyin, 1995;Coward-kelly et al, 2006;Sotolu, 2008). Feather meal (Adejumo et al, 2016) was also subjected to wood ash processing method. These were carried out in order to break the disulphide bond which makes keratin product protein unavailable for usage by livestock.…”

Production and evaluation of biodegraded feather meal using immobilised and crude enzyme from Bacillus subtilis on broiler chickens

“…It was observed that enzyme-degraded feather meal did not lead to organ inflammation or colour change in the experimental animals which is an indication that the test ingredients are safe for poultry consumption. The imbalance in amino acid profile of feather meal may be responsible for the variation in performance of broilers (Ochetim, 1993;Adejumo et al, 2016), which immobilised enzyme has helped to enhance. However, studies with longer duration may shed more light on this.…”

“…Feather meal is rich in cysteine but limited in methionine and lysine contents (Adejumo et al, 2016). Cysteine is however considered as an important amino acid when processing feather processing (Papadopoulus et al, 1985;Moritz and Latshaw, 2001).…”

“…Hence, it becomes necessary to source for an alternative economical protein sources for animal production most especially from the poultry wastes which are abundantly available in Nigeria (Adetunji and Adejumo 2017). This will go a long way, in the prevention of environmental pollution arising from the disposal of poultry feather wastes and their conversion into animal feeds (Khardenavis et al, 2009;Adejumo et al, 2016;Călin et al, 2017).…”