Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil from Xanthium strumarium L. Leaves

Abstract

Parveen, et al.: Studies on Essential Oil of Xanthium strumarium L. LeavesThe hydrodistilled essential oil from Xanthium strumarium L. leaves was analysed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Nine out of twenty two constituents were identified from X. strumarium oil. The main components of the oil were β-caryophyllene (17.53%), α-cadinol (6.66%), spathulenol (6.09%), limonene (5.66%) and 1,3,5-trimethyl-2[2-nitroallyl]benzene (3.29%). Phytol (2.42%), α-muurolene (2.08%), copaene (1.47%) were present in appreciable amounts. E,E,Z-1,3,12-nonadecatriene-5,14-diol (0.27%) was present in minor amount. The oil displayed high degree of antifungal effect against all fungal strains with 11.8-46.0 mm zone of inhibition at concentration range 8-250 μg/ml. The 8 μg/ml minimum fungicidal concentration along with being the minimum inhibitory concentration points to the potential of X. strumarium essential oil as a promising source of antifungal agents with useful biomedical applications.

Volatiles Profiling, Allelopathic Activity, and Antioxidant Potentiality of Xanthium Strumarium Leaves Essential Oil from Egypt: Evidence from Chemometrics Analysis

“…Several reports described the constituents and biological activities of EO from the leaves of X. strumarium collected from Pakistan [24], Iran [23,25], and Brazil [31]. In harmony with our study, all of them are very commonly enriched with different classes of essential compounds, especially monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.…”

“…This plant is used in the manufacturing of yellow dye, which is used as hair dye; from this, the genus took the name, as xanthos means yellow in Greek [19]. The chemical constituents of X. strumarium are enriched with phenolics [16], steroids, triterpenoid saponins [20], monoterpene, sesquiterpene [21,22], and EO [23,24,25].…”

Volatile Compositions and Antifungal Activities of Native American Medicinal Plants: Focus on the Asteraceae

“…The leaf essential oil from Zabol, Iran, was qualitatively similar, limonene (20.3%), borneol (11.6%), bornyl acetate (4.5%), and β-cubebene (3.8%), but also contained a large concentration of cis-β-guaiene (34.2%), which was not observed in any other X. strumarium essential oils [94]. The leaf essential oil of X. strumarium from Lahore, Pakistan, contained limonene (5.7%), β-caryophyllene (17.5%), spathulenol (6.1%), and α-cadinol (6.7%) as major components [95]. The differences in chemical compositions may be related to different genetic factors as well as geographical location; Tropicos ® currently lists 13 subordinate taxa for X. strumarium [14].…”

“…The major volatile components from the aerial parts of X. strumarium were limonene (48.23%), myrcene (14.31%), germacrene D (13.92%), (2E)-hexenal (5.79%), and sabinene (4.89%; Table 11). The compositions of Xanthium strumarium essential oils from the Middle East have been reported, including Iran [93,94] and Pakistan [95]. The leaf essential oil from Khoramabad, Iran, was composed largely of limonene (24.7%), borneol (10.6%), bornyl acetate (5.9%), and β-cubebene (6.3%) [93].…”

Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology of Xanthium strumarium L.: A Review

“…In vitro, using the disk diffusion method, the EOXL exhibited strong inhibition against Pyricularia oryzae and Fusarium oxysporum with MIC values of 12.5 and 50 µg/mL, respectively [108]. Furthermore, the EOXL showed remarkable growth inhibition of a wide spectrum of fungal strains, such as A. niger , Aspergillus flavus , F. oxysporum , Fusarium solani , Alternaria alternata and Penicillium digitatum with both MIC and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) values of 8 µg/mL [119].…”