Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Ficus Elastica Roxb. Ex Hornem and Raphanus Sativus L. Selective Dry Extracts With Potential Antidiabetic Activity

Abstract

The aim of our study consisted in obtaining, phytochemical and antioxidant activity evaluation of two selective dry extracts from the leaves of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem and Raphanus sativus L., with potential use in metabolic diseases. The results of the phytochemical assessment of the two hydroethanolic dry extracts (the employed hydroethanolic mixture were: 70% ethanol (v/v) for Fici elastici folium and 50% ethanol (v/v) for Raphani sativi folium) indicated the following: Fici elastici extractum (FEE) -3.6140±0.4000 g% flavonoids expressed as hyperoside, 5.950 ± 0.3800 g% phenolcarboxylic acids expressed as chlorogenic acid, 13.3299 ± 0.1583 g% total phenolic compounds expressed as tannic acid; 2. Raphani sativi extractum (RSE) -6.7300 ± 0.6600 g% flavonoid expressed as hyperoside, 3.1263 ± 0.1500 g% phenolcarboxylic acids expressed as chlorogenic acid, 21.4175 ± 0.9454 g% total phenolic compounds expressed as tannic acid. The HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of apigenin-7-glucoside in Raphani sativi extractum. Evaluation of the antiradicalar activity of the dry extracts was determined by scavenger activity of free radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) and by ferric reducing power method. The antioxidant activity was expressed as EC50 mg/mL. The following results were obtained: EC50 DPPH = 6.4166 ± 0.3329 mg/mL, EC50 ABTS = 0.0768 ± 0.0020 mg/mL, EC50 ferric reducing power = 0.4027 ± 0.0016 mg/mL (for FEE); EC50 DPPH = 7.5100 ± 0.1414 mg/mL, EC50 ABTS = 0.2611 ± 0.1893 mg/mL, EC50 ferric reducing power =1.3935 ± 0.0111 mg/mL (for RSE). RezumatScopul lucrării a constat în obţinerea, caracterizarea fitochimică şi evaluarea activităţii antioxidante a două extracte uscate, selective, obţinute din frunzele de Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem şi Raphanus sativus L., cu potenţială activitate în tratamentul afecţiunilor metabolice. Extracte hidroalcoolice uscate (obţinute în etanol 70% pentru Fici elastici folium şi în etanol 50% pentru Raphani sativi folium) conţin: Fici elastici extractum (FEE) -3,6140 ± 0,4000 g% flavone exprimate în hiperozidă, 5,950 ± 0,3800 g% acizi fenol-carboxilici exprimați în acid clorogenic, 13,3299 ± 0,1583 g% polifenoli totali exprimaţi în acid tanic; Raphani sativi extractum (RSE) -6,7300 ± 0,6600 g% flavone exprimate în hiperozidă, 3,1263 ± 0,1500 g% acizi fenol-carboxilici exprimaţi în acid clorogenic, 21,4175 ± 0,9454 g% polifenoli totali exprimaţi în acid tanic. Analiza HPLC a evidenţiat prezenţa apigenin-7-glucozidei în RSE. Activitatea antioxidantă a extractelor a fost determinată pe baza capacităţii de scavenger a radicalilor liberi DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS•+ (acidul 2,2'-azinobis-3etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfonic) şi pe baza capacităţii de reducere a ferului. Capacitate antioxidantă a fost evaluată pe baza EC50 (µg/mL). S-au obţinut următoarele rezultate: EC50 DPPH = 6,4166 ± 0,3329 mg/mL, EC50 ABTS = 0,0768 ± 0,0020 mg/mL, EC50 reducerea ferului = 0,4027 ± 0,0016 mg/mL (pentru FEE); EC...

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“…Anthocyanins (i.e., cyanidins and pelargonidins) are commonly found in this genus with health benefits both in vitro and in vivo [ 17 ], including cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties [ 18 ]. Raphanus comprises non-flavonoid polyphenols (i.e., phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamates, stilbenes, and tannins) and terpene derivatives (i.e., carotenoids and triterpenoids), which correlated to antioxidant activities in vitro [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Notably, isothiocyanates (ITCs) are the unique constituents in Raphanus and other cruciferous plants, which are responsible for chemoprevention in epidemiological studies [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”