Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil ofBeilschmiedia pulverulenta

Abstract

Context: The ethnopharmacological study of Beilschmiedia indicates that several species are used for the treatment of various ailments. Objective: This is the first study of the chemical composition of Beilschmiedia pulverulenta Kosterm (Lauraceae) essential oil and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, antityrosinase, antiinflammatory, and anticholinesterase activities. Materials and methods: The antioxidant activities were evaluated by b-carotene, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and phenolic content at different concentrations. The antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were revealed by disk diffusion and microdilution. The antityrosinase and anti-inflammatory activities were assayed against mushroom tyrosinase and lipoxygenase enzymes. The anticholinesterase activity was analyzed using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Results: Forty-two components were detected in B. pulverulenta oil with eugenol (45.3%) being the major component. The oil phenolic content and the FRAP were 660.1 mg gallic acid/g and 604.0 mg ascorbic acid/g, respectively. The oil gave an IC 50 value of 94.5 mg/mL and an inhibition of 93.9% in DPPH and b-carotene, respectively. The antimicrobial activity showed that the oil had strong activity against all Gram-positive bacteria with an minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value each of 62.5 mg/mL and moderate against all fungi with MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values each of 125 mg/mL. The oil showed significant antityrosinase and anti-inflammatory activities with 67.6 and 62.5% inhibition, respectively. In addition, the oil had moderate AChE (56.5%) and BChE (48.2%) activities. Discussion and conclusion: The results show that the oil could potentially be used for nutraceutical industries, food manufactures, and therapeutic agents against various diseases such as inflammation and rheumatism.

Comparative study of the essential oils of three Beilschmiedia species and their biological activities

“…The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth microdilution method using 96‐well microplates described by Salleh et al . () with slight modifications. The inocula of the microbial strains were prepared from 24 h broth cultures and suspensions were adjusted to 0.5 McFarland standard turbidity.…”

“…Nine microorganisms; three Gram-positive bacteria; Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC29737), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC19433), three Gram-negative bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC9027), Escherichia coli (ATCC10536), Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC13883), and three fungal/yeast Aspergilus niger (ATCC16888), Candida glabrata (ATC C2001) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC7754) were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth microdilution method using 96-well microplates described by Salleh et al (2015b) with slight modifications. The inocula of the microbial strains were prepared from 24 h broth cultures and suspensions were adjusted to 0.5 McFarland standard turbidity.…”

“…We have also reported the chemical composition of essential oils from Malaysian Beilschmiedia species, which are B. madang Blume (Salleh et al, 2015a), B. pulverulenta Kosterm. (Salleh et al, 2015b) and B. glabra Kosterm. (Salleh et al, 2015c).…”

Phytochemical Identification and Anti-Oxidant Study of Essential Oil Constituents of Ocimum basilicum L. Growing in Iraq

“…The essential oil capacity of O. basilicum to scavenge free radicals was evaluated by the ability to capture the radical of DPPH. 8 First, a stock solution (1000 μg/mL) was prepared in methanol and then a series of a diluted sample in methanol were prepared to yield a sample (200 μL, 15.63-1000 μg/mL) in disposable cuvettes. Then DPPH (3800 μL, 1000 μg/mL) in methanol was added to each cuvette.…”

“…Percentage of major constituents (%) 8 Turkey Linalool (45.7), Eugenol (13.4), methyl eugenol ( Many studies have reported the effect of cultivation site on the components of the essential oil of O. basilicum. For example, methyl chavicol presents as the highest main content in the Nigerian O. basilicum (60.30%).…”