Chemical composition and biological evaluation of the volatile constituents from the aerial parts of Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) and Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl grown in Egypt

Abstract

The essential oil from the aerial parts of Nephrolepis exaltata and Nephrolepis cordifolia obtained by hydro-distillation were analyzed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. The essential oils exhibited potential antibacterial and antifungal activities against a majority of the selected microorganisms. NEA oil showed promising cytotoxicity in breast, colon and lung carcinoma cells. The results presented indicate that NEA oil could be useful alternative for the treatment of dermatophytosis. Comparative investigation of hydro-distilled volatile constituents from aerial parts (A) of Nephrolepis exaltata (NE) and Nephrolepis cordifolia (NC) (Family Nephrolepidaceae) was carried out. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that oils differ in composition and percentages of components. Oxygenated compounds were dominant in NEA and NCA. 2,4-Hexadien-1-ol (16.1%), nonanal (14.4%), β-Ionone (6.7%) and thymol (2.7%) were predominant in NEA. β-Ionone (8.0%), eugenol (7.2%) and anethol (4.6%) were the main constituents in NCA. Volatile samples were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities using agar diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrations. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated using viability assay in breast (MCF-7), colon (HCT-116) and lung carcinoma (A-549) cells by the MTT assay. The results revealed that NEA oil exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against most of the tested organisms and showed promising cytotoxicity.

Chemical compositions, antioxidant activities and techno‐functionality of spent grain treated by autoclave treatment: evaluation of water and temperature levels

“…Lower water addition (1:1) discharged (Z)‐2‐octen‐1‐ol and formed 2‐methoxy‐4‐vinylphenol, which are responsible for a vinegar smell and flavouring agent compounds, respectively (Jeong et al ., 2011; Le et al ., 2012), while higher water addition (1:2) discharged 1‐tetradecanol, 1‐hexadecanol, and 4,4,6‐trimethyl‐cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ol and induced the formation of 2,4‐hexadien‐1‐ol, 2‐hexyn‐1‐ol, and 3,5‐octadien‐2‐ol. The eliminated compounds are responsible for a fatty odour while the formed compounds are responsible for fruity and herbal perception (Noweck & Grafahrend, 2006; Feng et al ., 2015; Wang et al ., 2015; El‐Tantawy et al ., 2016; Polat et al ., 2018; Ju et al ., 2021). The results revealed that AH potentially removed the essential oil odour perception and dominantly formed pleasant smells including a grainy and desired flavour.…”

A comprehensive review on Nepalese wild vegetable food ferns

“…Tannins (11.5 mg/100 g), alkaloids (9.1 mg/100 g), flavonoids (16.5 mg/100 g), phenols (8.3 mg/100 g), saponin (1.2 mg/100 g) and glycosides (5.4 mg/100 g) are estimated in the leaflets [ 227 ]. Essential oil obtained from the aerial parts constitutes nonanal (10.6%), β-ionone (8%), eugenol (7.2%) and anethol (4.6%) [ 228 ]. Sequoyitol, β-sitosterol, fern-9(11)-ene, oleanolic acid, myristic acid octadecylester, hentriacontanoic acid and triacontanol are isolated from the plant material [ 229 ].…”

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“…The fern has been studied for its soil phytoremediation properties (Sultana et al, 2015). The effects of its volatile oil (El-Tantawy et al, 2016) and its possible hormonal and cytotoxic effects on human cancer cells (Raimi et al, 2020) has also been documented. The species is in ethnomedicine in the island of Fiji to treat women's menstrual disorders (Popovici et al, 2018).…”