Chemical composition and inhibitory activities on dipeptidyl peptidase IV and pancreatic lipase of two underutilized species from the Brazilian Savannah: Oxalis cordata A.St.-Hil. and Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart

Abstract

Brazil has the greatest vegetal biodiversity in the world, but products derived from native species are not optimally utilized. Oxalis cordata and Xylopia aromatica are two underutilized species whose leaves and fruits, respectively, have been used as food in the 19th century. In this study, we used chemical and in vitro assays to evaluate the potential of these species as functional foods. The inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase and DPP-IV were evaluated using the crude extracts and fractions ethyl acetate, butanol and water of these two species. For polyphenols determination, samples were prepared with different solvents and these were analysed by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Finally, fatty acids profile was determinated by gas chromatography. The crude extract (IC=0.84mg/ml), ethyl acetate extract (IC=0.88mg/ml) an aqueous fraction (IC=0.63mg/ml) of C. cordata were inhibitory on pancreatic lipase but inactive against dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). Extracts from X. aromatica were inactive against the lipase pancreatic enzyme, but a butanolic fraction inhibited DPP-IV (IC=0.71±0.05mg/ml). The phenolic acids orientin/isorientin, chlorogenic acid (0.32g/100g) and the flavonoid derivatives rutin (0.27g/100g), quercetin and luteolin were observed in all products. Additionally, fatty acid quantification showed that oleic (7.5g/100g) and linoleic acid (6.5g/100g) were predominant in X. aromatica fruit. This study confirms the potential for the use of both plants as functional foods due to their nutritional value, biological activity and important phytochemical content.

Phytochemical bioaccessibility and in vitro antidiabetic effects of Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis Mill.) fruits after a simulated digestion: insights into the mechanisms with molecular docking analysis

“…Inhibiting the activity of α‐glucosidase is a clinically therapeutic method in diabetic patients because it delays carbohydrate digestion and suppresses the rate of glucose intake in the gut (Spínola et al ., 2020). Suppressing DPP‐IV is an effective strategy to protect GLP‐1 and GIP and control blood glucose for treating type 2 diabetes (Gao et al ., 2015; Oliveira et al ., 2018). The α‐glucosidase and DPP‐IV inhibitions of the ethanol‐extracted and free phenolic fractions from Chinese sumac fruits before and after digestion are presented in Panels a and b of Fig.…”

Evaluation of Viburnum opulus L. Fruit Phenolics Cytoprotective Potential on Insulinoma MIN6 Cells Relevant for Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity

“…As presented in Figure 9C, both extracts at IC 0 dosages were able to decrease activity by 40%. Among other phenolic extracts rich in chlorogenic acid, Xylopia aromatica was also demonstrated as a DPP4 inhibitor [44]. We can speculate that despite attenuation of GSIS, the pleiotropic properties of V. opulus would allow a decrease in postprandial hyperglycemia due to the observed DPP4 inhibition and increase of GLP-1 secretion.…”

Phenolic Extracts from Extra Virgin Olive Oils Inhibit Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activity: In Vitro, Cellular, and In Silico Molecular Modeling Investigations

“…Generally, in the area of food bioactive compounds able to inhibit DPP-IV activity, the investigations are carried out exclusively using biochemical tools based on the purified enzyme [31][32][33]. This traditional approach represents a great limitation for a more realistic characterization of the hydrolysates with DPP-IV inhibitory activity.…”