Chemical composition and mosquitocidal efficacy of panchagavya against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus

Evaluation of mosquitocidal efficacy of panchgavya from indigenous and crossbreed cows against dengue vector

“…On the other side, pupae stage is a non-feeding phase, it is possible that during treatment, active xenobiotic molecules may come into direct contact with the pupae cuticle membrane, leading to disruption of their cellular architecture (Bouabida and Dris, 2022) [8] . The current findings are more convenient than those of a recent study where PG exhibited substantial larval mortality against II Instar, III instar, and IV instar larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti, (Sathiyaraj et al, 2022) [32] . In a previous study, complete larval mortality was achieved within 24 h when 15% cow urine samples were used against Culex quinquefasciatus (Kumar et al, 2009) [19] .…”

“…Both are housed at a local cattle breeding center situated in the Udaipur district of Rajasthan (latitude 24.21965°N, longitude 73.65035°E) and three lactating females from each breed were chosen to collect all the necessary samples required to prepare panchgavya, including urine, dung, milk, and ghee. Panchgavya was prepared by blending urine (300 mL), dung (300 g), milk (300 mL), ghee (100 g), and curd (300g) samples from both breed cow thoroughly with water and some other ingredients (coconut water, jaggery and banana) in a covered wide mouth container as per modified method of Sathiyaraj et al (2022) [32] . The container was placed in a shaded location at room temperature until the final process was completed.…”

“…The findings of the current study are consistent with those of previous studies that have reported several volatile compounds in the urine of dairy cows at various physiological stages using GC-MS analysis (Ramesh Kumar et al, 2000;Le Danvic et al, 2015;Ahamad et al, 2017) [2] . A recent investigation of panchgvaya samples by Sathiyaraj et al (2022) [32] revealed the existence of various bioactive compounds, including 1, 2-propanediol diformate, 2-butanol, 3-chloro-, di-n-propylmalonic acid, and acetaldehyde tetramer, with peak areas ranging from 10 to 15%. Correspondingly, Nutiyal and Dubey (2021) documented the presence of several long-chain fatty alcohols in cow urine, comprising 1-Heneicosanol, n-Heptadecanol-1, and n-Nonadecenol-1, with peak areas of 37.91, 19.05, and 17%, respectively.…”