Chemical Composition and Physical Properties of Humic Substances

Flaig, Wolfgang; Beutelspacher, Hans; Rietz, Egbert

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65915-7_1

Cited by 254 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 393 publications

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“…In laboratory studies of model compounds, phenolic compounds covalently bind nitrogenous compounds into recalcitrant forms (Mortland and Wolcott, 1965;Flaig et al, 1975;Haider et al, 1975). Nitrogen in the resulting anilide-like structure (Fig.…”

Section: Yield Trends and Som Quality Under Intensive Rice Croppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical stabilization of soil organic nitrogen by phenolic lignin residues in anaerobic agroecosystems

Olk¹,

Cassman

Schmidt‐Rohr

et al. 2006

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

110

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This review summarizes independent reports of yield decreases in several agricultural systems that are associated with repeated cropping under wet or submerged soil conditions. Crop and soil data from most of these agroecosystems have led researchers to attribute yield decreases to a reduction in crop uptake of N mineralized from soil organic matter (SOM). These trends are most evident in several long-term field experiments on continuous lowland rice systems in the Philippines, but similar trends are evident in a continuous rice rotation in Arkansas, USA and with no-till cropping systems in North American regions with cool, wet climatic conditions in Spring. Soil analyses from some of these systems have found an accumulation of phenolic lignin compounds in SOM. Phenolic compounds covalently bind nitrogenous compounds into recalcitrant forms in laboratory conditions and occurrence of this chemical immobilization under field conditions would be consistent with field observations of reduced soil N supply. However, technological shortcomings have precluded its demonstration for naturally formed SOM. Through recent advances in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, agronomically significant quantities of lignin-bound N were found in a triple-cropped rice soil in the Philippines. A major research challenge is to demonstrate in the anaerobic agroecosystems that these lignin residues bind sufficient quantities of soil N to cause the observed yield decreases. A key objective will be to elucidate the cycling dynamics of lignin-bound N relative to the seasonal pattern of crop N demand. Anaerobic decomposition of crop residues may be the key feature of anaerobic cropping systems that promotes the accumulation of phenolic lignin residues and hence the covalent binding of soil N. Potential mitigation options include improved timing of applied N fertilizer, which has already been shown to reverse yield decreases in tropical rice, and aerobic decomposition of crop residues, which can be accomplished through field drainage or timing of tillage operations. Future research will evaluate whether aerobic decomposition promotes the formation of phenol-depleted SOM and greater in-season N mineralization, even when the soil is otherwise maintained under flooded conditions during the growing season. r

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Section: Yield Trends and Som Quality Under Intensive Rice Croppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical stabilization of soil organic nitrogen by phenolic lignin residues in anaerobic agroecosystems

Olk¹,

Cassman

Schmidt‐Rohr

et al. 2006

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

110

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“…According to Flaig et al (1975), reactions of phenols with NH 3 , followed by autopolymerization under oxidative conditions, lead to formation of complex N-containing polymers:…”

Section: Alkyl Nitrilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemistry of soil organic nitrogen: a review

Schulten

Schnitzer

1997

Biology and Fertility of Soils

683

385

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1. From the data presented herein it is possible to deduce the following distribution of total N in humic substances and soils: proteinaceous materials (proteins, peptides, and amino acids) -ca. 40%; amino sugars -5-6%; heterocyclic N compounds (including purines and pyrimidines) -ca. 35%; NH 3 -19%; approximately 1/4 of the NH 3 is fixed NH 4 + . Thus, proteinaceous materials and heterocyclics appear to be major soil N components.

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“…Стимулирующее действие гумино-вых кислот на растительные организмы и его механизм установлены и под-тверждены многочисленными исследованиями (Христева, 1957;Flaig, Beutelspacher, Reitz, 1975;Кравченко, 1983; Комисаров, Логинов, 1993; Воро-нина, Якименко, Терехова, 2012; Найда, Комаров, Лавруков, 2012; Суханов, 2013). Как отмечают Н.Ю.…”

Section: 3unclassified

Theory and Practice of Creation Highly Productive Oats Sowing Crops in Central Non-Black Earth Region Conditions

Усанова¹,

Vasilyev²

2014

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Chemical Composition and Physical Properties of Humic Substances

Cited by 254 publications

References 393 publications

Chemical stabilization of soil organic nitrogen by phenolic lignin residues in anaerobic agroecosystems

Chemical stabilization of soil organic nitrogen by phenolic lignin residues in anaerobic agroecosystems

The chemistry of soil organic nitrogen: a review

Theory and Practice of Creation Highly Productive Oats Sowing Crops in Central Non-Black Earth Region Conditions

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