Chemical Composition and Properties of Wood

Stevanović, Tatjana

doi:10.1002/9781118773727.ch3

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Recently, attention has been focused on PLLA/wood composites, due to their promising properties and potential applications [ 19 ]. The type of wood, namely its specific chemical composition, may affect the possible interaction with the matrix [ 23 ]. Pine wood, which is the filler selected for our study, is mainly composed of cellulose (40–50 wt %), lignin (25–30 wt %), hemicellulose (20–25 wt %), and small amounts of fatty acids and resins (up to 10 wt %) [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Pine Wood Bio-Based Composites

et al. 2020

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Bio-based composites made of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and pine wood were prepared by melt extrusion. The composites were compatibilized by impregnation of wood with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APE). Comparison with non-compatibilized formulation revealed that APE is an efficient compatibilizer for PLLA/wood composites. Pine wood particles dispersed within PLLA act as nucleating agents able to start the growth of PLLA crystals, resulting in a faster crystallization rate and increased crystal fraction. Moreover, the composites have a slightly lower thermal stability compared to PLLA, proportional to filler content, due to the lower thermal stability of wood. Molecular dynamics was investigated using the solid-state 1H NMR technique, which revealed restrictions in the mobility of polymer chains upon the addition of wood, as well as enhanced interfacial adhesion between the filler and matrix in the composites compatibilized with APE. The enhanced interfacial adhesion in silane-treated composites was also proved by scanning electron microscopy and resulted in slightly improved deformability and impact resistance of the composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Pine Wood Bio-Based Composites

et al. 2020

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“…All over the world, forests occupy a significant area, making wood from forest trees the major renewable resource on Earth. Wood is a raw material of great importance for mankind development since prehistoric times, as construction material and for thermal energy production [37,38]. Wood constitutes the cell wall of all woody species and can be classified as softwood, from gymnosperms (i.e., conifers), like pine, spruce, and fir, or as hardwood, from angiosperms (i.e., deciduous), such as birch, beech, oak, and poplar [38].…”

Section: Wood Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second Generation Bioethanol Production: On the Use of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes as Feedstock

2018

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Due to the health and environment impacts of fossil fuels utilization, biofuels have been investigated as a potential alternative renewable source of energy. Bioethanol is currently the most produced biofuel, mainly of first generation, resulting in food-fuel competition. Second generation bioethanol is produced from lignocellulosic biomass, but a costly and difficult pretreatment is required. The pulp and paper industry has the biggest income of biomass for non-food-chain production, and, simultaneously generates a high amount of residues. According to the circular economy model, these residues, rich in monosaccharides, or even in polysaccharides besides lignin, can be utilized as a proper feedstock for second generation bioethanol production. Biorefineries can be integrated in the existing pulp and paper industrial plants by exploiting the high level of technology and also the infrastructures and logistics that are required to fractionate and handle woody biomass. This would contribute to the diversification of products and the increase of profitability of pulp and paper industry with additional environmental benefits. This work reviews the literature supporting the feasibility of producing ethanol from Kraft pulp, spent sulfite liquor, and pulp and paper sludge, presenting and discussing the practical attempt of biorefineries implementation in pulp and paper mills for bioethanol production.

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“…However, it may also affect cellulose reactivity by degrading cellulose amorphous areas and drastically reducing the degree of polymerization of cellulose chains. A weaker acid treatment may contribute to remove only the amorphous part of the structure, while cellulose crystalline regions with allomorph structure type I from native cellulose, more resistant to hydrolysis, would be preserved [45]. The alkaline solubilization of residual hemicelluloses would be an alternative to the acid hydrolysis [46,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the torrefaction of woody and agricultural biomasses through their extracted macromolecular components. Part 1: Experimental thermogravimetric solid mass loss

Dupont

Perez²,

Mortha

et al. 2020

Energy

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The behavior of biomass in torrefaction is determined by that of its macromolecular components, as well as by the biomass type. However, up to now, commercial compounds were typically used for modelling biomass torrefaction. This work proposes to assess the behavior of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin in torrefaction through extracted fractions directly isolated from woody and agricultural biomasses (ashwood, beech, miscanthus, pine and wheat straw) thanks to an optimized extraction procedure. The solid kinetics of these extracted fractions were analyzed through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in chemical regime conditions (200e300 C at 3 C$min À1 followed by 30 min at 300 C). These experiments highlighted the influence of the biomass type and the sugar composition in the degradation of the polysaccharide fractions in torrefaction, particularly for hemicelluloses. Furthermore, the degree of preservation of the native structure of the macromolecular components, when extracting them from biomass, seems also having an impact their behavior, especially for cellulose. The comparison of the torrefaction solid kinetic profiles of these extracted fractions, dependent on the biomass type, to that of commercial compounds from previous studies suggest that these extracted fractions would be more suitable for biomass torrefaction modelling.

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Chemical Composition and Properties of Wood

Cited by 16 publications

References 147 publications

Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Pine Wood Bio-Based Composites

Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Pine Wood Bio-Based Composites

Second Generation Bioethanol Production: On the Use of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes as Feedstock

Understanding the torrefaction of woody and agricultural biomasses through their extracted macromolecular components. Part 1: Experimental thermogravimetric solid mass loss

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