Chemical Composition and Radical Scavenging Activity of Citrus Limon Peel Essential Oil

Abstract

The water distillated essential oil of Citruslimon collected from Ramsar, Province of Mazandaran, North of Iran collected in December 2013, was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The yield of oil was 0.23% w/w. Twenty-one components representing 100% of the essential oil were characterized. Limonene (61.4%), b-pinene (13.1%) and g-terpinene (11.3%) were identified as the main constituents in the volatile oil. The antioxidant ability of the oil was examined by free radical scavenging method using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical at different concentration of the oil. The Citruslimon oil exhibited free-radical-scavenging properties with IC50 value of 284.71µg ml -1 .

Acaricidal properties of essential oils from agro‐industrial waste products from citric fruit against Tetranychus urticae

“…On the other hand, the yields in the present study for the mandarin/tangerine oils ( C. reticulate and C. reticulata × C. sinensis ) were higher than those reported for samples collected in Faisalabad, Pakistan, by Sadaf, Shahid, and Iqbal (), who attributed the lower yield (0.18 ± 0.03%) to the ripeness of the fruit. Gomes et al () reported higher yields that those found in the present study for C. aurantiifolia and C. limon grown in Lavras, Brazil, whereas Ghoorchibeigi, Larijani, Azar, Zare, and Mehregan, () and Tchameni, Mbiakeu, Sameza, Jazet, and Tchoumbougnang () reported lower yields than those found in the present investigation for samples of C. aurantiifolia and C. limon collected in Iran and Cameroon, respectively.…”

“…The high quantity of monoterpenes followed by sesquiterpenes in the present study, with limonene as the major constituent of the C. reticulate, C. reticulata × C. sinensis , C. aurantiifolia and C. limon oils, is in agreement with data published on samples collected in other locations of Brazil for oranges (Badawy, Taktak, & El‐Aswad, ) and limes/lemons (Amorim et al, ; Gomes et al, ). The abundance of monoterpenes with limonene as the major component of Citrus oils has also been reported for samples from other countries, such as C. aurantiifolia in Vietnam (Dang et al, ), Cameroon (Tchameni et al, ), India (Fagodia, Singh, Batish, & Kohli, ) and Australia (Mirzaei‐Najafgholi, Tarighi, Golmohammadi, & Taheri, ); C. limon in India (Jain & Sharma, ) and Iran (Ghoorchibeigi et al, ); and C. reticulate in Vietnam (Dang et al, ), China (Tao, Jia, & Zhou, ), Pakistan (Zia et al, ), Nigeria (Ayoola et al, ) and Egypt (Hamdan, Mohamed, & El‐Shazly, ).…”

“…Othman limes/lemons (Amorim et al, 2016;Gomes et al, 2014). The abundance of monoterpenes with limonene as the major component of Citrus oils has also been reported for samples from other countries, such as C. aurantiifolia in Vietnam (Dang et al, 2016), Cameroon (Tchameni et al, 2018), India (Fagodia, Singh, Batish, & Kohli, 2017) and Australia (Mirzaei-Najafgholi, Tarighi, Golmohammadi, & Taheri, 2017); C. limon in India (Jain & Sharma, 2017) and Iran (Ghoorchibeigi et al, 2017); and C. reticulate in Vietnam (Dang et al, 2016), China (Tao, Jia, & Zhou, 2014), Pakistan (Zia et al, 2013), Nigeria (Ayoola et al, 2008) and Egypt (Hamdan, Mohamed, & El-Shazly, 2016).…”

“…However, this monoterpene was the major constituent of the peel oil of the mandarin orange ( C. reticulata ) from elsewhere in Brazil (Badawy et al, ; Martins et al, ) as well as China (Tao et al, ) and Egypt (Mohamed & Abdelgaleil, ). γ‐Terpinene has also been found to be the major component of the peel oil of the key lime ( C. aurantiifolia ) from Italy (Costa et al, ), Egypt (Badawy & Abdelgaleil, ) and Brazil (Amorim et al, ) as well as the lemon ( C. limon ) from India (Jain & Sharma, ; Semwal, Semwal, Mishra, & Semwal, ), Iran (Ghoorchibeigi et al, ), Brazil (Amorim et al, ) and Algeria (Djenane, ). In contrast, the GC/MS analysis of the peel EOs from the lime ( C. aurantiifolia ) and lemon ( C. limon ) grown in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, suggests the limonene/ β ‐pinene chemotype for both fruits, which is in agreement with the chemotype found for the peel oil of the key lime ( C. aurantiifolia ) from Vietnam (Dang et al, ) and Malaysia (Effiom, Avoaja, & Ohaeri, ).…”

“…from India (Jain & Sharma, 2017;Semwal, Semwal, Mishra, & Semwal, 2015), Iran (Ghoorchibeigi et al, 2017), Brazil (Amorim et al, 2016) and Algeria (Djenane, 2015). In contrast, the GC/MS analysis of the peel EOs from the lime (C. aurantiifolia) and lemon (C. limon) grown in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, suggests the limonene/β-pinene chemotype for both fruits, which is in agreement with the chemotype found for the peel oil of the key lime (C. aurantiifolia) from Vietnam (Dang et al, 2016) and Malaysia (Effiom, Avoaja, & Ohaeri, 2012).…”