Chemical composition and source of fine and nanoparticles from recent direct injection gasoline passenger cars: Effects of fuel and ambient temperature

Evaluation of traffic exhaust contributions to ambient carbonaceous submicron particulate matter in an urban roadside environment in Hong Kong

“…Higher particulate matter mass emissions by a factor of 2 from GDI vehicles compared to PFI vehicles have been reported, which were mainly due to enhancements in EC emissions (Saliba et al, 2017). Similar observations were made in comparisons of PFI and direct injection spark ignition (DISI -a derivative of GDI) vehicles over both cold and hot-start conditions, with higher total carbon (TC) emissions and higher EC / TC ratios for the DISI vehicles (Fushimi et al, 2016).…”

“…HOA mass concentrations are derived from AMS measurements, which are subject to limitations of inlet lens transmission -i.e., a standard lens as used in this study is expected to transmit efficiently (∼ 100 %) between 90 and 700 nm D va (Williams et al, 2013), and thus may cause a low bias in measured ambient HOA concentrations. However, these inlet losses are expected to only have limited effects on total measured submicron particle mass concentrations as massand volume-based particle concentrations from vehicle exhaust typically peak in the region of ∼ 100-300 nm (Fushimi et al, 2016;Ban-Weiss et al, 2010). The observed seasonal variability of particle-phase organic concentrations due to partitioning of semi-volatile components into the gasphase would also decrease particle-phase HOA concentrations in warmer seasons, thus elevating the observed ambient EC / HOA ratio with our measurements taking place in summer.…”

Comparison of Oxidative Abilities of PM2.5 Collected at Traffic and Residential Sites in Japan. Contribution of Transition Metals and Primary and Secondary Aerosols

“…These investigators reported DTT consumption rates of 39 pmol min -1 µg -1 for diesel vehicle under transient operation and 25 pmol min -1 µg -1 for gasoline PFI vehicle under transient operation, and they showed that the oxidative ability of DEPs was higher than that of particles emitted from the gasoline vehicle, which is consistent with the results of the current study. However, note that the chemical composition of the particles emitted from the gasoline PFI vehicle differed substantially from that of the DISI particles investigated in this study; specifically, OC predominated in emissions from the PFI vehicle (Geller et al, 2006), whereas EC predominates in DISI particles (Fushimi et al, 2016).…”

“…Particles emitted from a gasoline DISI vehicle were studied by means of a chassis dynamometer system (Nakashima et al, 2010). Samples were drawn from a full-flow dilution tunnel, and Fushimi et al (2016).…”

Supplementary material to "Identification of jet lubrication oil as major component of aircraft exhaust nanoparticles"

“…Thus, large percentages of the particulate 10 mass remained unidentified, especially in the fine and coarse modes. On the other hand, in the nanoparticle size range, NanoMoudi II may have positive artifact on the particulate mass because more than half of the particulate mass often remains unidentified with the measured OC, EC, ions, and elements even in the case of vehicle exhaust particles, of which the major components are supposed to be carbonaceous (Fushimi et al, 2011;Fushimi et al, 2016). In addition, the particle mass concentration at each stage in the nanoparticle size range was approximately 1.4-10 times those estimated from the 15 number concentrations measured using the EEPS (Figs.…”