Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils from Thymus satureioides and Thymus pallidus

Abstract

This study was designed to examine the in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils (EOs) of Thymus satureioides (T.s) and T. pallidus (T.p). EOs were isolated by steam distillation and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents of the volatile fraction of T. satureioides were borneol (29.5%), carvacrol (9.1%), and β-caryophyllene (8.2%), while those of T. pallidus were camphor (29.8%), dihydrocarvone (17.6%), borneol (7.6%) and camphene (7.5%). The essential oils were tested against a panel of Gram+ and Gram-bacteria by using agar diffusion and broth dilution methods. The data indicated that the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis was the most sensitive strain producing an average inhibition zone of 51.7 mm. Furthermore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, known as a resistant strain, was also sensitive. The samples were also subjected to screening for their possible antioxidant activity by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The IC 50 values of the oil of T. satureioides and T. pallidus were 0.32 and 11.6 mg/mL, respectively.

Valorization of Essential Oils from Moroccan Aromatic Plants

“…The chemical profiles of the EOs described here are in accordance with previously described compositions for A. herba-alba [5], L. citriodora [6], M. pulegium [7], M. spicata [8], M. communis [9] and R. officinalis [10]. Borneol / carvacrol chemotypes of wild and cultivated T. satureioides have been reported [11][12] in contrast to the borneol / thymol type described here. When orally dosed to S. littoralis larvae, EOs from M. pulegium, A. herba-alba and R. officinalis reduced both biomass gain and food ingestion, indicating post-ingestive antifeedant effects without further toxicity (pANCOVA2>0.05) ( Table 9).…”

Oregano (Lippia graveolens) essential oil added within pectin edible coatings prevents fungal decay and increases the antioxidant capacity of treated tomatoes

“…26,27 The inhibitory concentration, EC 50 , of OEO in the ABTS •+ assay was 0.5 g L −1 . OEO had a higher antioxidant capacity than Tarchonanthus camphoratus and Thymus pallidus EOs, 28,29 in which EC 50 values of 5.6 and 11.6 g L −1 were obtained, respectively. The differences in these antioxidant activities are attributed to their main compounds, Thymus pallidus is mainly composed of camphor and dihydrocarvone and OEO by carvacrol and thymol, which have a strongest antioxidant activity.…”

“…The differences in these antioxidant activities are attributed to their main compounds, Thymus pallidus is mainly composed of camphor and dihydrocarvone and OEO by carvacrol and thymol, which have a strongest antioxidant activity. 29 Compared with others EOs, it is evident that OEO showed higher antioxidant capacity. Figure 2A shows the in vitro antifungal activity of OEO against A. alternata incubated during five days at 28 ∘ C. In all OEO treatments, we found significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in mycelia development.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Some Transition Metal Complexes of Thiocarbohydrazone Schiff Bases

“…were measured from two replicates of each compound as previously described. [24] Results and Discussion…”