Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of Tunisian Crithmum maritimum L. Essential oils

Abstract

 acetylcholinesterase properties of the aerial parts and roots essential oils from Crithmum maritimum L., Apiaceae, gathered in the area of Monastir (Tunisia). The essential oils have been analysed by GC and GC-MS. Remarkable differences were found between the constituent percentages of the different studied organs. The most important compounds from the aerial parts were: γ-terpinene (39.3%), methylcarvacrol (21.6%) and p-cymene (11.8%). In the roots oil, the main components were terpinolene (36.9%), dillapiole (26.8%) and γ-terpinene (21.9%). The antioxidant activity of the two oils was evaluated by employing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging tests. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity assessed by different in vitro tests were moderate, the ABTS assay after 20 min (IC50 = 0.051 mg/mL) of aerial parts and (IC50 = 0.643 mg/mL) of the roots, appeared to be more potent than that for the DPPH assay (IC50 = 0.92 mg/mL) of aerial parts and (IC50 = 0.048 mg/mL) of roots. In addition, the examined oils showed the highest AchE inhibitory 1 mg/mL activity (31.16% and 26.35%, for the aerial parts and roots, respectively).

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Crithmum Maritimum L. Essential Oil against Stored‐Product Beetle Tribolium Castaneum

“…According to the literature, the composition of C. maritimum volatiles from the Mediterranean area has been reported. The leaves EO from Medenine (South of Tunisia) was characterized by the presence of dill apiole (41.35 %), thymol methyl ether (27.75 %) and γ ‐terpinene (22.54 %); in the aerial parts oil from Monastir (Center‐East of Tunisia) were mainly composed by γ ‐terpinene (39.3 %), methyl carvacrol (21.6 %) and dill apiole (19.7 %); in the roots oil, the main components were terpinolene (36.9 %), dill apiole (26.8 %) and γ ‐terpinene (21.9 %) . The aerial parts EOs of C. maritimum from different locations of Italy have been found to be rich in γ ‐terpinene (37 %), methyl thymol (29 %), p ‐cymene (10 %) (Campania); in thymol methyl ether (25.5 %), limonene (22.3 %), γ ‐terpinene (22.9 %) (Sicily) and in dill apiole (41.0 %), γ ‐terpinene (29.8 %), β ‐phellandrene (13.3 %) in a sample (Sardinia) .…”

“…[55] in the aerial parts oil from Monastir (Center-East of Tunisia) were mainly composed by γ-terpinene (39.3 %), methyl carvacrol (21.6 %) and dill apiole (19.7 %); in the roots oil, the main components were terpinolene (36.9 %), dill apiole (26.8 %) and γ-terpinene (21.9 %). [50] The aerial parts EOs of C. maritimum from different locations of Italy have been found to be rich in γ-terpinene (37 %), methyl thymol (29 %), p-cymene (10 %) (Campania); in thymol methyl ether (25.5 %), limonene (22.3 %), γterpinene (22.9 %) (Sicily) and in dill apiole (41.0 %), γterpinene (29.8 %), β-phellandrene (13.3 %) in a sample (Sardinia). [52] On the other hand, the major components of the EO of C. maritimum from different locations of Turkey were reported as γ-terpinene (24 %) and dill apiole (21 %) in the aerial parts EO from Mersin; [54] as methyl thymol (29.8-8.1 %), γ-terpinene (29.8 %) (24.5-8.2 %), dill apiole (21.5 -1.9 %), terpinen-4-ol (21.2 -2.7 %) and sabinene (20.5-13.0 %) in the stems and leaves EO from Silifke; [56] as γ-terpinene (39.3 %), β-phellandrene (22.6 %), carvacrol methyl ether (10.5 %) and (Z)-ocimene (8.2 %) in the leaves EO from Lapta-Kyrenia coasts.…”

“…The sea fennel has many claimed medicinal properties such as antiscorbutic, diuretic, digestive and carminative . The chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from C. maritimum has been studied by several researchers from all over the world . Various chemotypes have been identified in the chemical profile of C. maritimum , namely monoterpene hydrocarbon‐types ( α ‐pinene/limonene, sabinene/ γ ‐terpinene/limonene, γ ‐terpinene/sabinene, γ ‐terpinene/sabinene/ β ‐phellandrene, β ‐phellandrene/( Z )‐ β ‐ocimene/ p ‐cymene), aromatic monoterpene‐types (thymol methyl ether/carvacrol methyl ether) and phenylpropanoid‐types (dill apiole, dill apiole/methylchavicol) .…”

“…[44 -52] Various chemotypes have been identified in the chemical profile of C. maritimum, namely monoterpene hydrocarbon-types (α-pinene/limonene, sabinene/γ-terpinene/limonene, γ-terpinene/sabinene, γ-terpinene/sabinene/β-phellandrene, β-phellandrene/ (Z)-β-ocimene/p-cymene), aromatic monoterpenetypes (thymol methyl ether/carvacrol methyl ether) and phenylpropanoid-types (dill apiole, dill apiole/ methylchavicol). [53] Numerous biological activities have been previously ascribed to this EO, such as antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, [50] antibacterial, [54] antifungal, [49] and insecticidal against Culex quinquefasciatus SAY and Spodoptera littoralis. [53] The aim of this study was the valorization of C. maritimum, an abundant and perennial species, and the evaluation of its use as a natural resource to replace hazardous synthetic insecticides.…”

Chemical composition, Antimicrobial and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of essential oils from the Tunisian Asteriscus maritimus (L.) Less

“…Most of the drugs used in this disease therapy are formed by an enzyme inhibitor, e.g. galantamine, isolated from the extract of snowdrop 22 and few reports exist for the inhibitor activity of acetylcholinesterase by essential oils 23,24 .…”