Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity, and Hemolyses Activity of Essential Oils from Flower of Matricaria chamomilla var. Chamomilla

Abstract

Objective: To report the chemical composition and bioactivity (including antioxidantand antimicrobial activity, hemolytic activities, and cytotoxicity) of flowers essential oil from Matricariachamomillavar. chamomilla(MCCO) for the first time. Methods: The essential oil was obtained using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Then, the essential oils composition was identified by chromatography methods. DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), β-carotene bleaching (BCB), and ferrous ion chelating ability (FIC) were chosen to evaluate the MCCO antioxidant activity. Disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC) were chosen to investigate antibacterial activity of MCCO. Hemolytic activity of MCCO on red blood cells (RBCs)was evaluated through optical density. MTT method was used to determine the cytotoxicityeffects of MCCO on human cancer cells. Results: MCCO was dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (59.01%). α-Bisabolone oxide A (35.74%), α-Bisabolol oxide A (19.07%), (Z)-β-Farnesene (6.63%), and Chamazulene (6.46%) was found as the major components of essential oil. The oil represented an acceptable antioxidant activity. For antibacterial activity, MCCO prevented the growth of 6 out of 7 selected microorganisms. MCCO was just inactive against Staphylococcus coagulase. The low hemolytic rate (below 1.5%) of MCCO on RBCs proposed its safety. Conclusions: An oxygenated sesquiterpene namely α-bisabolone oxide A was recognized as the main compound of MCCO. The oil can be considered as a strong antibacterial agent as well as an antioxidant. The safety of MCCO as a food additive or other uses was suggested by hemolysis results. MCCO was identified as a weak agent in the cytotoxicity assay.

Wild Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L) from the Taounate Province, Morocco: Extraction and Valorisation of the Antibacterial Activity of its Essential Oils

“…26 Therefore, MAH offers many advantages, such as lower energy costs, shorter extraction time and it is a cleaner method because it is not based on solvents and doesn't generate residues. 27 Studies that have been carried out with different research projects have revealed that our yield rate is higher than that of Hajjaj et al 28 who have obtained a yield of 0.4%, and lower than that of Kazemi 29 who has obtained a yield of 0.82% and Mahdavi et al 30 who has achieved a yield of 1.27%. The difference in yield, especially with the results of Mahdavi et al 30 is explained by the fact that the EOs were extracted from the flowers.…”

Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Bioautography Activity of Essential Oil from Leaves of Amazon Plant Clinopodium brownei (Sw.)

“…The activity of the natural positive control is higher in all the tests; however, if values described in the scientific literature for known essential oils, such as chamomile [ 42 ], cinnamon [ 43 ], and Rosmarinus [ 44 ], are analyzed, the results are quite interesting. Comparing this research with another carried out in Venezuela, the results are quite similar for common bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (7.921 mg/mL research in Ecuador and 6.250 mg/mL research in Venezuela); Enterococcus faecalis (5.540 mg/mL research in Ecuador and 3.125 mg/mL research in Venezuela); Escherichia coli (6.250 mg/mL research in Ecuador and 6.250 mg/mL research in Venezuela), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.38 mg/mL research in Ecuador and 3.125 mg/mL research in Venezuela) [ 45 ]. Bioautography evidences the antimicrobial activity of caryophyllene; there is ample evidence of its action on this molecule, such as that performed on P. gingivalis [ 46 ].…”

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.): A Review of Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Uses

“…Using this test, M. chamomilla EOs showed the highest DPPH scavenging activity after 90 min of reaction [107]. On the other hand, M. chamomilla EOs had less activity than the used standards BHT and α-tocopherol in both DPPH and β-carotene bleaching tests, while it showed a comparable ferrous ion chelating ability than the citric acid standard [108]. The ABTS test was used to investigate the antioxidant power of EOs obtained by different extraction techniques (steam stripping, hydrodistillation, steam-dragging distillation with simultaneous steam extraction using an organic solvent, maceration, and supercritical fluid extraction) [109].…”

“…The results showed that the EO was more active against S. aureus MRSA compared to reference strains. On the other hand, P. aeruginosa was the most sensitive bacteria in both diffusion and micro-dilution assays [108,111], showing that Gram-negative bacteria could be more sensitive to EO compared to Gram-positive strains. In addition, Shakya et al [130] found that M. chamomilla flower EO significantly reduced Enterococcus faecalis growth.…”