Chemical Composition, Fiber Morphology, and Kraft Pulping of Bracken Stalks (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn)

Abstract

Chemical Composition, Fiber Morphology, and Kraft Pulping of Bracken Stalks (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) Kemijski sastav, morfologija vlakana i sulfatni postupak proizvodnje celuloze od stabljika paprati (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn)Original scientifi c paper • Izvorni znanstveni rad ABSTRACT • In this study, kraft, kraft-NaBH 4 , and kraft-KBH 4 pulp and paper properties of the bracken stalks (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) were determined. Also, the chemical composition and fi ber properties of bracken stalks were evaluated. NaBH 4 and KBH 4 were separately added to cooking liquor by 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %, and 2 % (oven dried wood). The boron compound-free kraft pulp were also made as control pulp. Fiber length and fi ber width of bracken stalks were determined as 1.25 mm and 24 μm, respectively. Bracken stalks are composed of 73.34 % holocellulose, 32.55 % α-cellulose, and 30.79 % lignin. In addition, the pulp yield was increased with additions of both boron compounds, while kappa number was decreased. Also, highest strength increases determined in 0.5 % NaBH 4 added pulp. These results showed that bracken stalks can be used as a raw material for kraft pulp production. SAŽETAK • U radu su opisana istraživanja svojstava kraft, kraft-NaBH 4 i kraft-KBH 4 celuloze i papira proizvedenih od stabljika paprati (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn). Ocijenjeni su kemijski sastav i svojstva vlakana stabljika paprati. Otopini za kuhanje odvojeno su dodavani NaBH 4 i KBH 4 u postotcima 0,5; 1; 1,5 i 2 % (u odnosu prema apsolutno suhom drvu). Kraft celuloza bez spojeva bora proizvedena je kao kontrolni uzorak. Duljina vlakana stabljika paprati iznosila je 1,25 mm, a širina 24 μm. Stabljike paprati sadržavaju 73,34 % holoceluloze, 32,55 % α-celuloze i 30,79 % lignina. Rezultati su pokazali da je uz dodatak obaju spojeva bora prinos celuloze povećan, dok je Kapa broj smanjen. Usto, rezultati su pokazali najveće povećanje čvrstoće za celulozu dobivenu dodatkom 0,5 % NaBH 4 . Na temelju dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti da se stabljike paprati mogu upotrebljavati kao sirovina za proizvodnju kraft celuloze.Ključne riječi: paprat, KBH 4 , sulfatni postupak, NaBH 4 , Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn., svojstva papira 1 Authors are associated professor and M.Sc. at

Pinus halepensis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis grown in Egypt: A comparison between stem and branch properties for pulp and paper making

“…Generally, lignin is an undesirable polymer, and its removal during pulping requires high amounts of energy and chemicals (Cao et al 2014). In addition, higher lignin percentages in raw materials reduce the chemical pulp yield and the fiber strength (Gülsoy and Şimşir 2018). Notably, the results revealed that the branches from both species had higher lignin contents compared with the stemwood.…”

A comparative fiber morphological analysis of major agricultural residues (used or investigated) as feedstock in the pulp and paper industry

“…The higher an SR value is, the longer, thinner, and more flexible the fibers are considered to be, and subsequently, the stronger the tearing resistance of the paper sheet is expected to be (Ogbonnaya et al 1997;Nasser et al 2015). An optimal SR value range between 95 and 120 or between 55 to 75 for softwood and hardwood pulps, respectively, is recommended (Tofanica et al 2011;Rudi et al 2016;Gülsoy and Şimşir 2018). However, a non-wood plant source is considered sufficient for papermaking processes if the SR value is less than 70 and higher than 33 (Saeed et al 2017a).…”

“…The FC index is related to the individual elasticity of fibers and has a positive effect on the interfibrillar bonding behaviour of fibers, and eventually on the tensile and burst strength properties. Plant fibers can be classified as highly rigid fibers (an FC less than 30) through high elastic fibers (an FC greater than 75) (Tofanica et al 2011;Gülsoy and Şimşir 2018). A higher rigidity of fiber has a negative influence on the mechanical strength properties of the resulting paper and provide porous papers with lower resistance (Nasser et al 2015;Saeed et al 2017a).…”

“…Various non-wood plant agricultural sources have already been considered as potential pulp and paper feedstocks in the past (Ogbonnaya et al 1997;Gonzalo et al 2017;Saeed et al 2017a;Gülsoy and Şimşir 2018;Lavrič et al 2018). In addition, energy crops, and their residues, including Miscanthus spp.…”

“…The fiber anatomical dimensions greatly impact the quality and performance of the final paper product, since these dimensions are highly correlated with its physical strength, and printing quality (Pulkkinen et al 2009;Hu et al 2013;Pereira et al 2016). For instance, the fiber morphological properties directly affect the runnability on the paper machine, the refining response, the pulp bonding ability, and the physical, optical, and strength properties of the paper (Gülsoy and Şimşir 2018).…”