Chemical Composition, In Vitro Antioxidant Activities, and Inhibitory Effects of the Acetylcholinesterase of Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. Essential Oil

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the essential oil composition of Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl., grown in China, and to determine its antioxidant and inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation, and the chemical compounds were analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. We used 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing assay power (FRAP) to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of the essential oil was also examined. Sixty-seven compounds were identified, representing 98.50 % of the total essential oil, which was shown to be rich in methyl (9E,11E)-octadeca-9,11-dienoate (31.69%), n-hexadecanoic acid (15.08%), isopropyl palmitate (12.44%), propyl tetradecanoate (7.20%), tetradecanoic acid (4.01%), 17-octadecynoic acid (3.71%), and pentacosane (2.24%). Its antioxidant ability was analyzed via ABTS (IC50 = 721.95 ± 9.93 μg/mL), DPPH scavenging capacity (IC50 > 10,000 μg/mL), and the FRAP method (Trolox equivalent antioxidant concentration 39.64 ± 3.38 μM/g). Acetylcholinesterase inhibition effects were evaluated and had an IC50 value of 51.96 ± 14.26 μg/mL. The results show that this essential oil has interesting biological potential, encouraging further investigations, especially regarding the mechanisms of action of its antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. This is the first time that the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition effects of essential oil from L. nervosa have been studied.

Spermacoce alata Aubl. Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity, and Inhibitory Effects of Acetylcholinesterase, α-Glucosidase and β-Lactamase

“…In this study, we assessed the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of the essential oil. As detailed in Table 3 , the essential oil demonstrated an IC 50 value of 286.0 ± 79.04 µg/mL, indicating a stronger anti-acetylcholinesterase activity than essential oil from C. limon (849.90 ± 11.50 μg/mL) and F. vulgare (1187.7 ± 11.50 µg/mL) [ 69 ] but weaker than essential oil from L. nervosa (51.96 ± 14.26 µg/mL) and O. majorana (150.33 ± 2.02 µg/mL) [ 45 , 66 ], suggesting that this essential oil possesses moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. Previous studies have shown that the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of essential oil can be attributed to monoterpenoids or oxygen-containing monoterpenoids, especially the bicyclic monoterpenoids containing allyl methyl groups [ 66 ].…”

“…The DPPH radical accepts electrons or hydrogen radicals from the donor compound and exhibits a strong absorption band at 515-520 nm [52]. At the highest concentration (10 mg/mL), the antioxidant activity of essential oil was 31.98%, whose potency seems weaker than those obtained from essential oils of other species [45,53,54].…”

“…The differences in their compound composition may be attributed to their distinct extraction methods. In previous studies, fatty acid chemotype essential oil was considered to possess antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and other biological activities, providing a research direction for further exploration of phytomedicine [45]. The predominate component in essential oil, palmitic acid (30.74%), a saturated fatty acid, has been reported to exhibit antibacterial activity by impairing the bacterial cell membrane, causing the leakage of cellular contents and ultimately resulting in bacterial death [46].…”