Chemical composition of aerosols during a major biomass burning episode over northern Europe in spring 2006: Experimental and modelling assessments

Saarikoski, Sanna; Sillanpää, Markus; Sofiev, M.; Timonen, Hilkka; Saarnio, Karri; Teinilä, Kimmo; Karppinen, Ari; Kukkonen, Jaakko; Hillamo, Risto

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.053

Cited by 210 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The mass ratio of BC and K + apportioned to this factor was similar to that of a biomass burning plume, particularly the high K + proportion typical of herbaceous burning (Turn et al, 1997;Saarikoski et al, 2007;McMeeking et al, 2009;May et al, 2014). However, both BC and K + loading showed significant uncertainty.…”

Section: Factor 4: Carboxylic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This separation of BC-and K + -rich factors was persistent for all PMF solutions with four or more factors. Furthermore, the mass ratios of SO 2− 4 and NO − 3 to BC were much higher than would be expected for biomass burning with enrichment ratios above 10 (Turn et al, 1997; Hays et al, 2005;Saarikoski et al, 2007;McMeeking et al, 2009;May et al, 2014); the relative loading of SO 2− 4 compared to NH + 4 and NO − 3 was also higher than expected for biomass burning . This factor also showed an acidic signature with a neutralization ratio of 0.12.…”

Section: Factor 3: Black Carbonmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, both BC and K + loading showed significant uncertainty. The loadings of formate, acetate, Cl − , Br − , C 2 O 2− 4 , and NH + 4 appeared to be higher than expected for biomass burning emissions; the mass ratio of these analytes to BC were enriched by a factor of 3 to 75 relative to typical mass ratios of biomass burning emissions, based on a review of measured herbaceous and woody emissions (Turn et al, 1997;Andreae and Merlet, 2001;Hays et al, 2005;Saarikoski et al, 2007;McMeeking et al, 2009;May et al, 2014). The observed enrichment ratios of this factor above typical biomass burning plumes could be explained by atmospheric processing, for example, the cloud processing suggested by Legrand and de Angelis (1995).…”

Section: Factor 4: Carboxylic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporally delineated sources of major chemical species in high Arctic snow

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Long-range transport of aerosol from lower latitudes to the high Arctic may be a significant contributor to climate forcing in the Arctic. To identify the sources of key contaminants entering the Canadian High Arctic an intensive campaign of snow sampling was completed at Alert, Nunavut, from September 2014 to June 2015. Fresh snow samples collected every few days were analyzed for black carbon, major ions, and metals, and this rich data set provided an opportunity for a temporally refined source apportionment of snow composition via positive matrix factorization (PMF) in conjunction with FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model) potential emission sensitivity analysis. Seven source factors were identified: sea salt, crustal metals, black carbon, carboxylic acids, nitrate, noncrustal metals, and sulfate. The sea salt and crustal factors showed good agreement with expected composition and primarily northern sources. High loadings of V and Se onto Factor 2, crustal metals, was consistent with expected elemental ratios, implying these metals were not primarily anthropogenic in origin. Factor 3, black carbon, was an acidic factor dominated by black carbon but with some sulfate contribution over the winter-haze season. The lack of K + associated with this factor, a Eurasian source, and limited known forest fire events coincident with this factor's peak suggested a predominantly anthropogenic combustion source. Factor 4, carboxylic acids, was dominated by formate and acetate with a moderate correlation to available sunlight and an oceanic and North American source. A robust identification of this factor was not possible; however, atmospheric photochemical reactions, ocean microlayer reaction, and biomass burning were explored as potential contributors. Factor 5, nitrate, was an acidic factor dominated by NO − 3 , with a likely Eurasian source and mid-winter peak. The isolation of NO − 3 on a separate factor may reflect its complex atmospheric processing, though the associated source region suggests possibly anthropogenic precursors. Factor 6, non-crustal metals, showed heightened loadings of Sb, Pb, and As, and correlation with other metals traditionally associated with industrial activities. Similar to Factor 3 and 5, this factor appeared to be largely Eurasian in origin. Factor 7, sulfate, was dominated by SO 2− 4 and MS with a fall peak and high acidity. Coincident volcanic activity and northern source regions may suggest a processed SO 2 source of this factor.

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Section: Factor 4: Carboxylic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Factor 3: Black Carbonmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Factor 4: Carboxylic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporally delineated sources of major chemical species in high Arctic snow

et al. 2018

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“…Biogenic emissions depend on land use and meteorology in the approach of Steinbrecher et al (2009) and for "soil NO" in Williams et al (1992) and Stohl et al (1996). The Saarikoski et al (2007) scheme was applied to estimate the biomass burning emissions.…”

Section: The Model System Cosmo-muscatmentioning

confidence: 99%

A parameterization of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> for mass-based aerosol models: improvement of particulate nitrate prediction

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The heterogeneous hydrolysis of N 2 O 5 on the surface of deliquescent aerosol leads to HNO 3 formation and acts as a major sink of NO x in the atmosphere during nighttime. The reaction constant of this heterogeneous hydrolysis is determined by temperature (T ), relative humidity (RH), aerosol particle composition, and the surface area concentration (S). However, these parameters were not comprehensively considered in the parameterization of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N 2 O 5 in previous mass-based 3-D aerosol modelling studies. In this investigation, we propose a sophisticated parameterization (NewN2O5) of N 2 O 5 heterogeneous hydrolysis with respect to T , RH, aerosol particle compositions, and S based on laboratory experiments. We evaluated closure between NewN2O5 and a state-of-the-art parameterization based on a sectional aerosol treatment. The comparison showed a good linear relationship (R = 0.91) between these two parameterizations. NewN2O5 was incorporated into a 3-D fully online coupled model, COSMO-MUSCAT, with the mass-based aerosol treatment. As a case study, we used the data from the HOPE Melpitz campaign (10-25 September 2013) ] of less than 2 % on average and 20 % at the most significant moment. To obtain a significant impact of the organic coating effect, N 2 O 5 , SOA, and NH 3 need to be present when RH is high and T is low. However, those conditions were rarely fulfilled simultaneously over western and central Europe. Hence, the organic coating effect on the reaction probability of N 2 O 5 may not be as significant as expected over western and central Europe.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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“…Embora os estudos sobre a caracterização da atmosfera e composição química do material particulado ocorra em vários locais ao redor do mundo, a proporção das emissões primárias de espécies orgânicas perante os compostos secundários ainda precisa ser melhor entendida (Saarikoski et al, 2007;Maenhaut et al, 2008;Rastogi e Sarin, 2009).…”

Section: Materials Particuladounclassified

Levoglucosano e íons solúveis em água no material particulado atmosférico MP10 e MP2,5. caracterização de sítios Sul-Americanos

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Chemical composition of aerosols during a major biomass burning episode over northern Europe in spring 2006: Experimental and modelling assessments

Cited by 210 publications

References 29 publications

Temporally delineated sources of major chemical species in high Arctic snow

Temporally delineated sources of major chemical species in high Arctic snow

A parameterization of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> for mass-based aerosol models: improvement of particulate nitrate prediction

Levoglucosano e íons solúveis em água no material particulado atmosférico MP10 e MP2,5. caracterização de sítios Sul-Americanos

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Chemical composition of aerosols during a major biomass burning episode over northern Europe in spring 2006: Experimental and modelling assessments

Cited by 210 publications

References 29 publications

Temporally delineated sources of major chemical species in high Arctic snow

Temporally delineated sources of major chemical species in high Arctic snow

A parameterization of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; for mass-based aerosol models: improvement of particulate nitrate prediction

Levoglucosano e íons solúveis em água no material particulado atmosférico MP10 e MP2,5. caracterização de sítios Sul-Americanos

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A parameterization of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> for mass-based aerosol models: improvement of particulate nitrate prediction