Chemical composition of essential oils from the vegetative and reproductive structures ofCopaifera langsdorffiiDesf.

Abstract

GC/FID and GC-MS analysis revealed germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, α-cadinol and cubenol as major compounds from aril. Germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, trans-caryophyllene and δ-elemene are major compounds in fruits. Germacrene D, spathulenol, trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide are major compounds in leaves. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed distinct groups between the composition of essential oils from aril and fruit, when compared with terpene production found in leaves. Lipid composition found in arils could be protected by the presence of non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes, as germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene. Chemical profiles of essential oils from the fruits, arils and leaves of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. revealed different compositions, which could be related to environmental pressures. Thereby, non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes can also work against herbivory, pathogens and predator's attack, emphasising the importance of further studies among terpenes, ecology interactions and plant physiology.

Copaifera mildbraedii Desf.: Phytochemical Composition of Extracts, Essential Oil, and In Vitro Biological Activities of Bark

“…Among all the compounds identified, γ-gurjunene (10.43%), E,E-farnesylacetone (8.08%), and 8,14-cedranoxide (7.34%) were the predominant compounds, while Z-phytol (3.66%), γ-caryophyllene (3.61%), E-α-santalol (3.38%), α-acoradiene (2.79%), β-patchoulene (2.72%), Z-isolongifolanone (2.65%), widdrol (2.35%) and epiglobulol (2.00%) were the least predominant compounds. Most of sesquiterpenes presented here ( Table 5 ), such as, δ-elemene, γ-caryophyllene, β-cedrene and α-guaiene, were described in previous research on the phytochemical profiles of species in the Copaifera genus [ 51 ]. However, more than one compounds were identified for the first time in the Copaifera bark essential oil, such as, α-longipinene, α-cubebene, β-patchoulene, Z-β-damascone, E-thujopsene and β-oplopenone.…”