Chemical Composition of Essential Oils Obtained from Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. and Schltdl Leaves Using Two Extraction Methods

Abstract

This study was aimed at comparing the essential oils obtained from Heteromorpha arborescens leaves by Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) and Hydrodistillation (HD) methods in terms of their chemical compositions, yield, CO2 emission, and energy consumption. The solvent-free microwave extraction method indicated a higher oil yield of 0.7 mL/200 g (0.35%) as compared to 0.59 mL/200 g (0.295%) obtained through hydrodistillation. GC-MS analysis of the oils revealed a total of 52 chemical components from both methods with the presence of 35 (96.52%) and 30 (71.15%) chemical constituents for HD and SFME, respectively. The major constituents observed in the essential oil extracted by SFME methods include α-pinene (6%), D-limonene (11.27%), β-ocimene (9.09%), β-phellandrene (6.33%), β-mycene (8.49%), caryophyllene (5.96%), and camphene (4.28%). However, in the hydrodistillation method, the oil was majorly composed of a-pinene (4.41%), β-pinene (10.68%), β-ocimene (6.30%), germacrene-D (5.09%), humulene (5.55%), and α-elemene (6.18%). The SFME method was better in terms of saving energy (0.25 kWh against 4.2 kWh of energy consumed), reduced CO2 emission (200 g against 3360 g of CO2), a higher yield, and better quality of essential oil due to the presence of higher valuable oxygenated compounds (8.52%) against that of the hydrodistillation method (2.96%). The SFME method is, therefore, a good alternative for extracting the oils of H. arborescens leaves since the essential oil yield is higher with more oxygenated compounds, considerable energy savings, lower cost, and reduced environmental burden at substantially reduced extraction time (30 min as opposed to 180 min).

Anti-Diabetic Activities of Hydro-Methanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Heteromorpha arborescens (Apiaceae) Leaves in Mice

“…Some of these essential oils exhibit anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemic, and the capacity to reduce oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus. 53,54 A GC-MS analysis of the essential oils extracted from H. arborescens leaves previously revealed fifty-two chemical elements overall, including fundamental additives such α-pinene, α-elemene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, β-ocimene, and D-limonene. 51 A second GC-MS investigation of the essential oils from H. arborescens leaves and blooming parts revealed about 60 components.…”

Effect of Active Packaging Material Fortified with Clove Essential Oil on Fungal Growth and Post-Harvest Quality Changes in Table Grape during Cold Storage

“…EOs extracted from plants are free of toxicity and eco-friendly and may be an efficient alternative to chemical fungicides [ 10 ]. The active compounds of EOs are rich in volatile bioactive components mainly constituted by secondary metabolites such as aldehydes, fatty acids, phenols, ketones, esters, and alcohols and exhibit several nutraceutical properties [ 11 ]. The use of EOs to extend the shelf life of fruits has gained tremendous interest because of the promising health benefits [ 12 ].…”

Biocidal activity of Ziziphora hispanica L and Satureja calamintha Scheele L essential oils against the Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) pest on cowpea seeds during storage

“…Satongrod and Wanna (2020) proved that the EO of P. amboinicus showed the highest efficacy for repelling C. maculatus adults (87.50 ± 5%) at a concentration of 1 μL/L air after 48 h. The male and female adults of C. maculatus showed a high sensitivity to the EOs, even at low concentrations and during short exposure times. Based on the results obtained, it is suggested that the insecticidal potential of both EOs could be attributed mainly to the presence of high quantities of the main monoterpene components (Abeywickrama et al, 2006;Abdelgaleil et al, 2009;Saeidi and Mirfakhraie, 2017;Romani et al, 2019;Abifarin et al, 2020;Boukraa et al, 2022). The EOs of many plants are rich in secondary metabolites, particularly monoterpenes, which confer insecticidal properties (Topuz et al, 2018;Hategekimana and Erler, 2020a;Gupta et al, 2023).…”