Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from the Leaves, Seeds, Seed-pods and Stems of Bixa orellana L. (Bixaceae)

Abstract

Aims: The aim of the present study is to report the volatile compounds identified in the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the various parts of B. orellana. Study Design: The design includes the extraction of essential oil from air-dried leaves, seeds, seed-pods and stems samples of B. orellana and the determination and identification of the chemical constituents of the oils. Place and Duration of Study: Mature leaves, seeds, seed-pods and stems of B. orellana were collected along LASU-Isheri Road in Alimosho Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria, in May, 2014. Methodology: Air-dried and macerated leaves, seeds, seed-pods and stems of B. orellana were Original Research Articlehydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus to obtained colourless volatile oil whose chemical constituents was analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Results: A total of twenty-one different compounds were identified, out of which a range of 9-20 constituents were identified, accounting for 91.4-98.1% of the oil samples that are predominantly sesquiterpenes (40.8 -94.9%), except for the seed oil with a higher amount of monoterpenes (45.0%). The leaf oil was characterized largely by α-guaiene (49.3%). The seed oil had α-pinene (29.1%) and β-pinene (14.5%). α-Guaiene (25.0%), spathulenol (12.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.7%) were the significant compounds of the seed-pot. The main constituents of the stem oil were caryophyllene oxide (38.8%), β-caryophyllene (22.3%) and myrtenyl acetate (12.5%). Conclusion:The present study shows that the composition of B. orellana essential oils differed from each other and from data reported previously from other parts of the world.

Drying kinetics of Bixa orellana Labil (annatto) leaves and the influence of temperature on the physicochemical and biological properties of its essential oil

“…Discordant results were found by Giwa-Ajeniya et al [47], who verified in EO samples of B. orellana leaves, from Nigeria, higher α-guaiene contents (49.3%), together with guaiol (8.1%), valenceno (7.7%) and β-elemeno (5.9%). As well as Silva et al [66] under study with the EO of the roots.…”

“…In relation to the yield of the EO obtained from the leaves dried at 45 °C, according to what was also reported by Souza et al [30] the grinding facilitated the extraction, because it exposed the structures that contained the EO to the process and increased the contact surface of the leaves with the water used hydrodistillation. Giwa-Ajeniya et al [47] found similar results when they evaluated the yield of EO through hydrodistillation of B. orellana leaves in the Alimosho area, Lagos State, Nigeria.…”

Study of Essential Oil Isolated from Achiote (Bixa orellana) Leaves: Chemical Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution and Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities

“…According to previous reports of the chemical composition of the EO of B. orellana leaves, Lawrence et al in 1973 reported ishwarane (54%) a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (C 15 H 24 ) as the main compound [ 26 ], while Zollo et al in 1998 identified ishwarane (43.5%), guaiol (7.3%) and γ-murolene (6.2%) [ 27 ]. More recently, Giwa-Ajeniya et al in 2016 identified twenty-one volatile compounds for B. orellana leaves from Nigeria, where the main compounds were SH α-guaiene (49.3%, CF: C 15 H 24 ), guaiol (8.1%), valencene (7.7%) and β-elemene (5.9%) [ 28 ]. Oliveira et al in 2020 reported isocaryophyllene (26.58%, CF: C 15 H 24 ), 1R-α-pinene (19.49%) and β-pinene (12.04%) as the main components for fresh B. orellana leaves collected in Brazil [ 20 ].…”

Exploring antioxidative, cytotoxic and neuropharmacological insights into Bixa orellana leaves: Experimental and in silico approaches

“…This operation was done by searching the keywords, “ Bixa orellana ” and “reported compounds”. From different articles, we found 172 compounds [supplementary file S1 ] proclaimed from different parts of the B. orellana [ [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ]. To identify potential neurological effects against the GABA A receptor, those compounds were chosen for in silico screening.…”