Chemical composition of fine particles in Mexico City during 2003–2004

Vega, Elizabeth; Ruiz, Hugo; Escalona, S.; Cervantes, Alma; López-Veneroni, Diego; González-Avalos, Eugenio; Sanchez–Reyna, Gabriela

doi:10.5094/apr.2011.054

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Regarding site‐related variability in PM composition, spatial differences in PM composition across the city have been also described previously, including a recent rapid change in the southern part of the city, suggesting homogenization of traffic‐related sources .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Variation in the Composition and In Vitro Proinflammatory Effect of Urban Particulate Matter from Different Sites

Manzano-León

Quintana

Sánchez

et al. 2013

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Spatial variation in particulate matter–related health and toxicological outcomes is partly due to its composition. We studied spatial variability in particle composition and induced cellular responses in Mexico City to complement an ongoing epidemiologic study. We measured elements, endotoxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two particle size fractions collected in five sites. We compared the in vitro proinflammatory response of J774A.1 and THP-1 cells after exposure to particles, measuring subsequent TNFα and IL-6 secretion. Particle composition varied by site and size. Particle constituents were subjected to principal component analysis, identifying three components: C1 (Si, Sr, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Mn, endotoxin), C2 (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and C3 (Zn, S, Sb, Ni, Cu, Pb). Induced TNFα levels were higher and more heterogeneous than IL-6 levels. Cytokines produced by both cell lines only correlated with C1, suggesting that constituents associated with soil induced the inflammatory response and explain observed spatial differences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Variation in the Composition and In Vitro Proinflammatory Effect of Urban Particulate Matter from Different Sites

Manzano-León

Quintana

Sánchez

et al. 2013

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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“…The BC heating effects are offset by the aerosol cooling effect due to the scattering of radiation (Marley et al, 2009). It is known that the organic fraction of aerosols is significant in Mexico City, being their average composition 35% organic compounds, 30% inorganic (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium), 10% BC, and traces of minerals (Vega et al, 2011;Velasco and Retama, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black carbon radiative forcing in south Mexico City, 2015

Cruz-Núñez¹

2019

Atm

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El carbono negro (CN) es un poderoso forzante radiativo. Debido a sus múltiples efectos en el cambio climático, el CN ha sido ubicado como el segundo factor de impacto del cambio climático en orden de importancia, sólo después del dióxido de carbono. Las fuentes de CN incluyen principalmente los vehículos a diésel y la quema de biomasa. Los compromisos de mitigación de México en el Acuerdo de París son, entre otros la reducción de emisiones de CN hasta un 51% en 2030, en comparación con las de 2000. Para conocer la contribución exacta del CN al inventario de emisiones de México es necesario estimar varias de las propiedades de este compuesto, como su forzamiento radiativo y sus efectos en el calentamiento de la atmósfera, entre otros. En este trabajo se utilizó una técnica basada en los datos disponibles tanto de teledetección como de mediciones en superficie, junto con el programa Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds (OPAC) y el algoritmo Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) para estimar el forzamiento radiativo del carbono negro en el sur de la Ciudad de México durante 2015. Las mediciones en tierra se tomaron de una red de monitoreo recientemente creada, la Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), y las mediciones satelitales se obtuvieron del Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Las concentraciones mensuales de carbono negro a lo largo de 2015 fluctuaron entre 1.9 y 4.1 μg/m 3. Los resultados muestran que el forzamiento radiativo promedio mensual en la parte superior de la atmósfera sobre el sur de la Ciudad de México durante 2015 fue de +30.2 ± 6.2 W m-2. Los meses de noviembre, diciembre y enero presentaron los valores de forzamiento radiativo más altos (+34.9, +46.9, +34.0, respectivamente). Además, las estimaciones de calentamiento atmosférico muestran un valor promedio anual de 0.85 ± 0.22 W m-2. Los valores del coeficiente Ångström > 1, tal como se obtuvieron en este trabajo, indican que los aerosoles son de tipo urbano y fueron emitidos recientemente. Además, los valores bajos del albedo de dispersión simple en longitudes de onda crecientes muestran que los aerosoles son principalmente del tipo urbano-industriales.

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“…MC Metropolitan area nearly 24 million inhabitants, over 50,000 industries, and 5.5 million vehicles consume more than 50 million liters of petroleum fuels per day. Northern MC residents have been exposed to higher concentrations of volatile and toxic organic compounds, PM10, and PM2.5 including high levels of its constituents: organic and elemental carbon, nitro-and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Ti, Mn, Sn, V, Ba), while southern residents (exposed dogs in this study are from SW Mexico City) have been exposed continuously to significant and prolonged concentrations of ozone, secondary aerosols (NO3ˉ) and particulate matter associated with lipopolysaccharide PM-LPS (Rosas-Pérez et al, 2007;Querol et al, 2008;Vega et al, 2011). Studies on the composition of PM2.5 with regards to sites and samples collected in 1997 show that composition has not changed during the last decade (Molina et al, 2006).…”

Section: Study Cities and Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Mexico City is a prime example of uncontrolled urban growth and sustained severe air pollution (Rosas-Pérez et al, 2007;Querol et al, 2008;Vega et al, 2011;Molina et al, 2006;Secretaria del Medio Ambiente 2012). Driving restriction programs implemented in 2017 have failed to improve air quality (Davis, 2017).…”

Section: Study Cities and Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PM2.5 annual air quality standard of 12 µg/m 3 has been historically exceeded across the metropolitan area. We are focused on fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM), broadly defined by the diameter of the aerodynamic particles: fine particles (<2.5μm, PM2.5) and ultrafine PM (UFPM<100nm) (Querol et al, 2008;Vega et al, 2011;Molina et al, 2010).…”

Section: Air Quality Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combustion-derived nanoparticles, the neuroenteric system, cervical vagus, hyperphosphorylated alpha synuclein and tau in young Mexico City residents

Calderón‐Garcidueñas

Reynoso-Robles

Pérez-Guillé

et al. 2017

Environmental Research

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Mexico City (MC) young residents are exposed to high levels of fine particulate matter (PM), have high frontal concentrations of combustion-derived nanoparticles (CDNPs), accumulation of hyperphosphorylated aggregated α-synuclein (α-Syn) and early Parkinson's disease (PD). Swallowed CDNPs have easy access to epithelium and submucosa, damaging gastrointestinal (GI) barrier integrity and accessing the enteric nervous system (ENS). This study is focused on the ENS, vagus nerves and GI barrier in young MC v clean air controls. Electron microscopy of epithelial, endothelial and neural cells and immunoreactivity of stomach and vagus to phosphorylated ɑ-synuclein Ser129 and Hyperphosphorylated-Tau (Htau) were evaluated and CDNPs measured in ENS. CDNPs were abundant in erythrocytes, unmyelinated submucosal, perivascular and intramuscular nerve fibers, ganglionic neurons and vagus nerves and associated with organelle pathology. ɑSyn and Htau were present in 25/27 MC gastric,15/26 vagus and 18/27 gastric and 2/26 vagus samples respectively. We strongly suggest CDNPs are penetrating and damaging the GI barrier and reaching preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and the vagus nerve. This work highlights the potential role of CDNPs in the neuroenteric hyperphosphorylated ɑ-Syn and tau pathology as seen in Parkinson and Alzheimer's diseases. Highly oxidative, ubiquitous CDNPs constitute a biologically plausible path into Parkinson's and Alzheimer's pathogenesis.

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Chemical composition of fine particles in Mexico City during 2003–2004

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Variation in the Composition and In Vitro Proinflammatory Effect of Urban Particulate Matter from Different Sites

Variation in the Composition and In Vitro Proinflammatory Effect of Urban Particulate Matter from Different Sites

Black carbon radiative forcing in south Mexico City, 2015

Combustion-derived nanoparticles, the neuroenteric system, cervical vagus, hyperphosphorylated alpha synuclein and tau in young Mexico City residents

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