Chemical Composition of Icy Satellite Surfaces

Dalton, J. B.; Cruikshank, D. P.; Stephan, K.; McCord, T. B.; Coustenis, A.; Carlson, R. W.; Coradini, A.

doi:10.1007/s11214-010-9665-8

Cited by 65 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 308 publications

(372 reference statements)

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“…Fig. 4 in Dalton et al 2010). Much less abundant (and difficult to observe) are the hydrated ions that we have synthesized in the experiments described here; nevertheless, they merit further investigation.…”

Section: Solar System Objectsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Dalton et al 2010). In particular, frozen SO 2 is the dominant species at the surface of Io, and it was also observed in cometary comae (see e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…These objects include Jupiter's Galilean satellites Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Being embedded in the Jovian magnetosphere, they are exposed to the complex flux of low-(plasma) and high-energy electron and ion bombardment (Dalton et al 2010). Io's surface is in fact dominated by sulfur dioxide, which is expelled from the very intense volcanic activity triggered by tidal effects (Peale et al 1979).…”

Section: Solar System Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO₂

Kaňuchová

Boduch

Domaracka

et al. 2017

A&A

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Context. Sulfur is an abundant element in the cosmos and it is thus an important contributor to astrochemistry in the interstellar medium and in the solar system. Astronomical observations of the gas and of the solid phases in the dense interstellar/circumstellar regions have evidenced that sulfur is underabundant. The hypothesis to explain such a circumstance is that it is incorporated in some species in the solid phase (i.e. as frozen gases and/or refractory solids) and/or in the gas phase, which for different reasons have not been observed so far. Aims. Here we wish to give a contribution to the field by studying the chemistry induced by thermal and energetic processing of frozen mixtures of sulfur dioxide (one of the most abundant sulfur-bearing molecules observed so far) and water. Methods. We present the results of a series of laboratory experiments concerning thermal processing of different H 2 O:SO 2 mixtures and ion bombardment (30 keV He + ) of the same mixtures. We used in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the induced effects. Results. The results indicate that ionic species such as HSO − 3 , HSO − 4 , and S 2 O 2− 5 are easily produced. Energetic processing also produces SO 3 polymers and a sulfurous refractory residue. Conclusions. The produced ionic species exhibit spectral features in a region that, in astronomical spectra of dense molecular clouds, is dominated by strong silicate absorption. However, such a dominant feature is associated with some spectral features, some of which have not yet been identified. We suggest adding the sulfur-bearing ionic species to the list of candidates to help explain some of those features. In addition, we suggest that once expelled in the gas phase by sublimation, due to the temperature increase, and/or by non-thermal erosion those species would constitute a class of molecular ions not detected so far. We also suggest that molecular sulfur-bearing ions could be present on the surfaces and/or in the atmospheres of several objects in the solar system, for example icy satellites of the giant planets and comets.

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Section: Solar System Objectsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Dalton et al 2010). In particular, frozen SO 2 is the dominant species at the surface of Io, and it was also observed in cometary comae (see e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Solar System Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO₂

Kaňuchová

Boduch

Domaracka

et al. 2017

A&A

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“…CH 4 band shifts to lower frequencies have also been observed in the spectrum of Pluto (Douté et al 1999), Quaoar (Licandro et al 2006a), and Makemake (Licandro et al 2006b). The coexistence of NH 3 and N 2 ices of solar system objects such as Enceladus or Charon is also thought to be very likely (Dalton 2010;Dalton et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF NH₃AND NH₃:N₂AMORPHOUS ICES IN THE NEAR-INFRARED AND MID-INFRARED REGIONS

Zanchet

Rodrı́guez-Lazcano

Gálvez

et al. 2013

ApJ

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Ammonia ice has been detected on different astrophysical media ranging from interstellar medium (ISM) particles to the surface of various icy bodies of our solar system, where nitrogen is also present. We have carried out a detailed study of amorphous NH 3 ice and NH 3 :N 2 ice mixtures, based on infrared (IR) spectra in the mid-IR (MIR) and near-IR (NIR) regions, supported by theoretical quantum chemical calculations. Spectra of varying ice thicknesses were obtained and optical constants were calculated for amorphous NH 3 at 15 K and 30 K and for a NH 3 :N 2 mixture at 15 K over a 500-7000 cm −1 spectral range. These spectra have improved accuracy over previous data, where available. Moreover, we also obtained absolute values for the band strengths of the more prominent IR features in both spectral regions. Our results indicate that the estimated NH 3 concentration in ISM ices should be scaled upward by ∼30%.

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“…A&A 544, A30 (2012) Water ice is widely present, often as the most abundant chemical species, on the surfaces of the majority of the airless objects in the solar system. Many other molecules have also been identified or are suspected to be present (for a recent review see Dalton et al 2010). Concerning the molecules of interest to the present paper, O 2 has been observed on Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede (Spencer & Calvin 2002), possibly produced, along with other oxidants such as H 2 O 2 and O 3 , by radiolysis of water-ice and/or its mixtures with other species (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Chemistry induced by energetic ions in water ice mixed with molecular nitrogen and oxygen

Boduch

Domaracka

Fulvio

et al. 2012

A&A

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Context. Several molecular species have been observed as frozen gases in cold environments such as grains in the interstellar/circumstellar medium or icy objects in the outer solar system. Because N 2 and O 2 are homonuclear, symmetric molecules are not easily observed. It is therefore relevant to find indirect methods to prove their presence from astronomical observations. Aims. Here we investigate one of the possible indirect methods, namely the formation of specific molecules by cosmic ion bombardment of ices in astrophysical environments that contain O 2 and N 2 . The observation of these molecules in astronomical environments could act as a trojan horse to detect the presence of frozen molecular oxygen and/or nitrogen. Methods. We have conducted ion bombardment experiments of frozen O 2 , H 2 O and their mixtures with N 2 at the laboratories of CIMAP-GANIL at Caen (France) and LASp at Catania (Italy). Different ions ( 13 C 2+ , Ar 2+ and H + ) and energies (30-200 keV) have been used. Results. We have found that 13 CO 2 is formed when carbon ions are implanted in ices containing H 2 O and/or O 2 . Ozone and nitrogen oxides (NO, N 2 O, NO 2 ) are formed in the studied ices containing O 2 and N 2 with different relative abundances. Conclusions. We suggest that ozone and nitrogen oxides are present and have to be searched for in some specific environments such as dense clouds in the interstellar medium and the surfaces of Pluto, Charon and Triton. Their observation could demonstrate the presence of molecular oxygen and/or nitrogen. A possible interest for the observations of atmospheres in exo-planetary objects is also discussed.

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Chemical Composition of Icy Satellite Surfaces

Cited by 65 publications

References 308 publications

Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO₂

Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO₂

OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF NH₃AND NH₃:N₂AMORPHOUS ICES IN THE NEAR-INFRARED AND MID-INFRARED REGIONS

Chemistry induced by energetic ions in water ice mixed with molecular nitrogen and oxygen

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Chemical Composition of Icy Satellite Surfaces

Cited by 65 publications

References 308 publications

Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO2

Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO2

OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF NH3AND NH3:N2AMORPHOUS ICES IN THE NEAR-INFRARED AND MID-INFRARED REGIONS

Chemistry induced by energetic ions in water ice mixed with molecular nitrogen and oxygen

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Resources

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Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO₂

Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO₂

OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF NH₃AND NH₃:N₂AMORPHOUS ICES IN THE NEAR-INFRARED AND MID-INFRARED REGIONS