Chemical composition of rivers and lakes / Daniel A. Livingstone.

Livingstone, D. A.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5847

Cited by 119 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Of the three aqueous fates, export to coastal oceans by the world's rivers is the best constrained. The modern estimate began to emerge nearly 40 yr ago, when Kempe () revised the riverine

{HCO}_{3}^{-}

fluxes from Livingstone () and calculated that rivers transport 0.45 Pg C yr −1 as dissolved IC (DIC). The OC flux estimate took shape with Schlesinger and Melack (), who extrapolated the fluxes from 12 intermediate‐to‐large rivers and estimated the total transport of OC to the world's oceans was 0.37 Pg C yr −1 .…”

Section: Toward a New Estimatementioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial carbon inputs to inland waters: A current synthesis of estimates and uncertainty

Drake

Raymond

Spencer

2017

Limnol Oceanogr Letters

474

351

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Globally, inland waters receive a significant but ill-defined quantity of terrestrial carbon (C). When summed, the contemporary estimates for the three possible fates of C in inland waters (storage, outgassing, and export) highlight that terrestrial landscapes may deliver upward of 5.1 Pg of C annually. This review of flux estimates over the last decade has revealed an average increase of 0.3 Pg C yr 21, indicating a historical underestimation of the amount of terrestrial-C exported to inland waters. The continual increase in the estimates also underscores large data gaps and uncertainty. As research continues to refine these aquatic fluxes, especially C outgassed from the humid tropics and other understudied regions, we expect the global estimate of terrestrial-C transferred to inland waters to rise. An important implication of this upward refinement is that terrestrial net ecosystem production may be overestimated with ramifications for modeling of the global C cycle.In the last decade, the model of inland waters has evolved from simple "pipes" that transport terrestrial carbon (C) from land to ocean to complex "processors" that transform, store, and outgas significantly more C than they export (Cole et al. 2007). New research under this framework has revealed that fluxes of C within and through aquatic ecosystems are much larger than previously thought, especially the flux of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from surface waters to the atmosphere Raymond et al. 2013). These fluxes are primarily sustained by the supply of organic carbon (OC) and inorganic carbon (IC) from terrestrial landscapes (Prairie and Cole 2009).Most carbon enters inland waters through two primary pathways. The first is through the export of OC from *Correspondence: draketw@gmail.com Author Contribution Statement: TWD and RGMS conceived the manuscript. TWD generated new estimates and wrote the manuscript with significant contributions from PAR and RGMS.Data Availability Statement: All data in the manuscript can be found in cited publications and in Table 1. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.This article is part of the Special Issue: Carbon cycling in inland waters Edited by: Emily Stanley and Paul del Giorgio Scientific Significance StatementA number of large-scale studies on carbon (C) fluxes through and from inland waters have been conducted over the last decade and have not been synthesized into the contemporary global estimate. This review updates our global estimate for C fluxes in inland waters and identifies remaining knowledge gaps and sources of uncertainty. Our current estimate of terrestrial C inputs to inland waters is 5.1 Pg C yr21 , yet we expect this number to change given the high uncertainty, ongoing anthropogenic impacts, and continual refinement. 132Limnology and Oceanography Letters 3, 2018, 132-142

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“…Of the three aqueous fates, export to coastal oceans by the world's rivers is the best constrained. The modern estimate began to emerge nearly 40 yr ago, when Kempe () revised the riverine

{HCO}_{3}^{-}

Section: Toward a New Estimatementioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial carbon inputs to inland waters: A current synthesis of estimates and uncertainty

Drake

Raymond

Spencer

2017

Limnol Oceanogr Letters

474

351

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“…For the purposes of this paper we use the rates developed by Livingstone [1963]. Table 2 shows that these rates of These rates are high, and it seems doubtful that such large traction loads are normal for rivers as they deliver sediment to the continental margin.…”

Section: T• Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of regional denudation in the United States

Judson¹,

Ritter²

1964

J. Geophys. Res.

182

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“…Summaries of all data over 5 years are presented in Figs 4–19. All results were compared with natural background levels for tropical surface waters (Livingstone 1963; Burton & Liss 1976; Jorgensen 1979; Stumm & Morgan 1981; WHO 1984 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the nutrient status of two reservoirs in southeast Ghana

Ansa-Asare

Asante²

1998

Lakes & Reservoirs

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The nutrient status of Weija and Kpong reservoirs, southeast Ghana, was assessed by determining seasonal indices and interannual changes. The nutrient levels were found to be higher in Weija Reservoir. However, ammonia did not follow that pattern. Seasonal distribution of nutrients also showed higher levels in Weija than in Kpong. Seasonal variation showed higher levels of nitrates in the rainy season at Weija than at Kpong; however, data from Kpong Reservoir involved considerable experimental error. The monthly trend of nitrates showed a unique pattern in the months of March and May, the main ploughing periods for farming in the Weija catchment area when most fertilizer is applied. In general, over a 5‐year period, there were no trends in nutrient levels. However, for sulfates there was a gradual decrease in spatial distribution from 1993 to 1997. The seasonal distribution for sulfate increased slightly. Seasonal trends as well as a seasonal index were determined and in all cases Weija showed higher levels than Kpong derived from land‐based fertilizers on the reservoir. On average, there was a higher seasonal index in the rainy season than in the dry season. However, the phosphate index in January at both Weija and Kpong was high. The seasonal index for both Weija and Kpong was high in the rainy season and low in the dry season. However, the phosphate index in January at both Weija and Kpong was high. The high nitrate index in March was due to rain in the latter part of that month. Ammonia–nitrogen in November also showed high levels; November was just after the rainy season so some influence from rain persisted.

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Chemical composition of rivers and lakes / Daniel A. Livingstone.

Cited by 119 publications

References 24 publications

Terrestrial carbon inputs to inland waters: A current synthesis of estimates and uncertainty

Terrestrial carbon inputs to inland waters: A current synthesis of estimates and uncertainty

Rates of regional denudation in the United States

A comparative study of the nutrient status of two reservoirs in southeast Ghana

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