Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Clausena lansium from Hainan Island, China

Abstract

The essential oils of wild Clausena lansium collected in Hainan Island, China were extracted from leaves, flowers, sarcocarps and seeds, and then analyzed by using GC/MS. The main constituents of the essential oils were: -santalol (35.2%), bisabolol (13.7%), methyl santalol (6.9%), ledol (6.5%) and sinensal (5.6%) in the leaves; -santalol (50.6%), 9-octadecenamide (17.2%) and sinensal (4.1%) in the flowers; -santalol (52.0%), α-santalol (15.5%), farnesol (5.2%) and sinensal (4.0%) in the sarcocarps; and phellandrene (54.8%), limonene (23.6%), and p-menth-1-en-4-ol (7.5%) in the seeds.

Pharmacological properties of the extract and some isolated compounds of Clausena lansium stem bark: Anti-trichomonal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects

“…is a minor member of the Rutaceae. It is an attractive shrub or small tree with somewhat grapelike fruits similar to the citrus fruits and commonly called Wampee, False or Fool's Curry (Fletcher, 2001;Zhao et al, 2004). In Taiwan and China, the leaves have been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of coughs, asthma and gastro-intestinal diseases and the seeds for gastro-intestinal diseases such as acute and chronic gastro-intestinal inflammation, ulcers, etc.…”

“…The fruit has stomachic and cooling effects and is used ethnomedically as a vermifuge and digestive disorders (Lin, 1989). The halved, sun dried immature fruits and slices of dried roots and stems are used in Vietnam and oriental remedies for bronchitis and malaria (Li et al, 1991;Kumar et al, 1995;Zhao et al, 2004). Different parts are used in the treatment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis in Chinese local medicines (Yang et al, 1988;Liu et al, 1996;Fletcher, 2001).…”

“…The C 13 -and C 18 -carbazole alkaloids, simple and prenylated coumarins, furocoumarins, amines and novel amides were isolated from different parts of the plant, indicating similarities in their constituents (Khan et al, 1983;Yang et al, 1988;Lakshmi et al, 1989;Lin, 1989;Li and McChesney, 1990;Li et al, 1991;Kumar et al, 1995;Liu et al, 1996;Adebajo et al, 1998;Ito et al, 1998;Wu and Li, 1999;Zhao et al, 2004). Some pharmacological effects such as anti-lipid peroxidation, cerebral protective, hepatoprotective, hypoglycaemic, anticonvulsant, cardiovascular and antitumour have been reported for some coumarins and amides, such as clausenamide and clausenacoumarine, isolated from the leaf (Shen et al, 1989;Li et al, 1991;Liu et al, 1991Liu et al, , 1996.…”

“…Relationship has been given between liver inflammation and hepatotoxicity using SGPT (Serum-Glutamat-Pyruvat-Transaminase) and hepatoprotective constituents of C. lansium leaf (Liu et al, 1996). Since the ethnomedical uses of the plant for coughs, acute and chronic gastro-intestinal inflammation (Lin, 1989), bronchitis (Li et al, 1991;Kumar et al, 1995;Zhao et al, 2004), acute and chronic viral hepatitis (Yang et al, 1988;Liu et al, 1996) are all related to inflammation, and since a relationship exists between inflammation and hepatotoxicity, the anti-CCl 4 hepatoprotective role of the methanolic extract of C. lansium stem bark was evaluated by determining the modificatiom of the phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time (PIST) and the activity of some liver enzymes. Therefore, this study is focussed on the evaluation of the ethnomedical uses of C. lansium stem bark in inflammatory conditions, hepatotoxicity and to determine the usefulness of the plant part in diabetes and trichomoniasis.…”

Benzo(a)pyrene-induced genotoxicity: Attenuation by farnesol in a mouse model

“…It has been implicated in gene regulation and cell differentiation [12], via the nuclear receptors FXR and PPARa, control of cholesterol synthesis via its interaction with HMG-CoA reductase [8], and apoptosis [13]. It is obtained from the essential oils of ambrette seeds, citronella, present in many aromatic plants [14]. The effects of FL on drug metabolism may be mediated by the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR); this receptor is expressed in several tissues including the liver, kidney, gut, and adrenal gland [15].…”