Chemical Composition of Wood of Australian-Grown<i>Pinus radiata</i>D. Don. II. Polysaccharides

Smelstorius, J. A.

doi:10.1515/hfsg.1974.28.2.67

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Results are shown in Table l.The composition of the wood was similar to that of other samples of Pinus radiata (Smelstorius 1974;Clark and Mackie 1987). About 0.2 g of each pulp was moistened to approximately 30% water content, packed in a cylindrical 7 mm sapphire rotor and retained with Kel-F end-caps coated, .with poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) grease to retain the water during sample spinning at 4.0 kHz and 20°C in a Doty Scientific probe.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Kraft Pulping

Newman¹,

Hemmingson²,

Suckling³

1993

HFSG

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Pinus radiata chips were pulped on a laboratory scale to yields between 47% and 96%. A "delayed contact" pulse sequence was used to separate 13 C CP/MAS NMR spectra into subspectra of pulp components. Results showed a smooth increase in the degree of crystallinity of the intact cellulose fibrils from 0.53 for the high-yield pulps to a plateau at about 0.60 for low-yield pulps. This was interpreted in terms of preferential loss of disordered cellulose in the early stages of pulping. Cellulose damage was observed for pulp yields below 57%, with a maximum of 16% of total cellulose being physically damaged at 47% pulp yield. A combination of chemical analysis and NMR spectra provided evidence for molecular ordering in about half of the residual hemicelluloses. NMR estimates of residual iignin contents were in good agreement with Klason Iignin values.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Kraft Pulping

Newman¹,

Hemmingson²,

Suckling³

1993

HFSG

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“…2) reveals the presence of sugars whereas none are present in the aqueous extract obtained from unweathered veneers (Fig. The presence of mannose and xylose in the extract from the weathered veneers is suggestive of degradation of hemicellulose since the main hemicelluloses found in radiata pine (P. radiata) are mannose (galactoglucomannans) and xylose (arabinoglucuronoxylans) based polysaccharides (Smelstorius 1974). The presence of mannose and xylose in the extract from the weathered veneers is suggestive of degradation of hemicellulose since the main hemicelluloses found in radiata pine (P. radiata) are mannose (galactoglucomannans) and xylose (arabinoglucuronoxylans) based polysaccharides (Smelstorius 1974).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the degradation and protection of wood surfaces

1992

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Large weight losses occurred in thin veneers of radiata pine (P. radiata) during natural weathering due mainly to loss of lignin and hemicelluloses. This was demonstrated by direct chemical analysis and by spectrocopic techniques. Treatment of veneers with dilute aqueous solutions of the recognized surface stabilizing compound chromium trioxide was found to dramatically restrict weight loss during weathering, but similar applications of ferric compound were less effective (Evans, Schmalzl 1989). In order to rationalize these protective effects FTIR internal reflectance spectroscopy was used to study chemical changes taking place at the wood surface upon treatment and during weathering. The spectra obtained provide direct evidence for the modification and stabilization of the lignin aromatic system with aqueous chromium trioxide and to a lesser extent with ferric salts. It is postulated that photostable lignin complexes are formed. The implications of these findings for the development of improved surface stabilizing compounds for wood are discussed briefly.

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“…The total amounts of methanol and ethanol released over the whole run were 28.6 and 74.9 g/m 3 of wood respectively. Methanol formation is the result of de-Omethylation of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (Kosik et al 1968) which constitutes about 1.6% by weight of radiata pine sapwood (Smelstorius 1974). The origin of ethanol is still unclear.…”

Section: Polar Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of air emissions from industrial kiln drying of Pinus radiata wood

McDonald¹,

Dare²,

Gifford³

et al. 2002

Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff

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The nature and mass flows of atmospheric emissions from an industrial kiln, drying radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) at 100°C dry bulb and 70°C wet bulb, were assessed by measuring the concentration of chemical components in the kiln atmosphere at regular time intervals and determining air-flows and temperature differentials across the stack. The volatile organic compounds (VOC) were trapped on activated carbon and analyzed by GC-MS. The aldehydes were trapped in 2,4-dinitrophenol-hydrazine solution and the aldehyde derivatives analysed by HPLC. Polar compounds were trapped in water and then alcohols were analysed by GC and organic acids by ion exchange chromatography. The two major VOC found were a-pinene and b-pinene, which made up 90% of the total discharge (405 g/m 3 wood). Most of the VOC fraction was released during the early stages of drying. The release of potentially hazardous components (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfural) was found to be relatively low (1.1, 8.7, and 0.1 g/m 3 wood, respectively) provided the kiln emissions are well dispersed, these levels of release are unlikely to cause adverse environmental effects. Abschätzen der Luftemissionen beim industriellen Trocknen von KiefernholzArt und Menge der gasförmigen Emissionen während des industriellen Trocknens von Kiefernholz (P. radiata D. Don) wurden abgeschätzt. Die Trockentemperatur betrug 100°C, die Feuchttemperatur 70°C. Chemische Komponenten in der Ofenluft wurden in regelmäßigen Zeitintervallen gemessen sowie die Luftbewegungen und Temperaturdifferenzen innerhalb des Holzstapels bestimmt. Die flüchtigen organischen Bestandteile (VOC) wurden an Aktivkohle adsorbiert und mittels GC-MS analysiert. Aldehyde wurden in Lösungen von 2,4-Dinitrohydrazin aufgefangen und die entsprechenden Aldehydderivate mittels HPLC analysiert. Polare Komponenten wurden in Wasser absorbiert, wonach die Alkohole mittels GC und die organischen Säuren mit Ionenaustauschern aufgetrennt wurden. Die Hauptkomponenten der VOC waren Alpha-und Beta-Pinen, die zusammen 90% des Massenverlustes (405 g/m 3 Holz) ausmachten. Die Hauptmenge wurde im frühen Trockungsstadium freigesetzt. Die Freisetzung von eventuell schädlichen Komponenten war relativ gering (Formaldehyd 1,1 g/m 3 , Acetaldehyd 8,7 g/m 3 und Furfural 0,1 g/m 3 ). Wenn die Ofenabluft gut verdünnt ist, sollten diese Mengen kaum Umweltschäden verursachen.

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Chemical Composition of Wood of Australian-GrownPinus radiataD. Don. II. Polysaccharides

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Kraft Pulping

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Kraft Pulping

Studies of the degradation and protection of wood surfaces

Assessment of air emissions from industrial kiln drying of Pinus radiata wood

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