Chemical compositions of bivalves shells: Anadara senilis, Crassostrea gasar, and Mytilus edulis and their potential for a sustainable circular economy

Abstract

The paradigm termed circular blue economy has become a concept that is greatly associated with the utilization of marine resources to ensure continued sustainability. Several constraints and limitations related to plants and plant products means human needs to look beyond green economy. The chemical constituents of animals also allow researchers to evaluate their growth and development. This study evaluates the proximate and chemical compositions of Anadara senilis, Crassostrea gasar, and Mytilus edulis, with emphasizes on their calcium and calcium carbonate contents and industrial importance. A total of 270 live bivalve samples were collected from March to May 2021 from Lagos Lagoon harbour. Each bivalve sample collected was opened to separate the flesh from the species’ shell, sun-dried and transported to the laboratory for analysis. One-way analysis of variance was adopted to estimate the significance level at 5% (P < 0.05). Post-HOC LSD test was performed to verify the disparity of mean. The results of this study revealed that Mytilus edulis shells had the highest moisture, crude protein, and crude fat at 1.15 ± 0.05%, 4.29 ± 0.43%, and 0.96 ± 0.15%, respectively and showed significant difference (P < 0.05). Anadara senilis shells had high levels of calcium (51.00 ± 2.87 mg/kg), magnesium (0.59 ± 0.23 mg/kg) and calcium carbonate (60.91 ± 2.50 mg/kg). Due to the high Ca and CaCO3 contents obtained, these shells can be processed alongside other biomaterials into food supplements, animal feeds, dental products, plant nutrient supplements, ornamental purpose, construction, agricultural industries among others. These would enhance the development of cottage industries, promotes farming of shell animals, help to alleviate the unemployment crisis and creation of wealth from substances which would have been regarded as waste.

Proximate, minerals, carotenoid and trypsin inhibitor composition in the exoskeletons of seafood gastropods and their potentials for sustainable circular utilisation

“…The results contradict the values obtained from this study, such that the moisture content value obtained in the periwinkle shell was 2.5%, compared to 0.96 ± 0.14% in this study. The result obtained for moisture is considerably similar to that obtained in the research carried out by Etim 26 ; Omotoso 45 ; and Elegbede et al 43 .…”

“…It helps stabilize the movement of organisms. Organisms with low moisture content are less susceptible to microbial spoilage 42 , 43 and have the ability to prolong their shelf life and retain their nutritive content for a considerable period of time during postharvest . T. fuscatus had the highest mean moisture content at 0.96 ± 0.14% and was significantly different (P < 0.05) from other samples, while T. coronata had the lowest mean moisture level at 0.46 ± 0.20%.…”

“…This agrees with the assertion of Okuzumi and Fujii 47 that proteins are large biomolecules that are naturally significant and beneficial to living organisms and are needed for sustenance. Protein constituents are found abundantly in several shellfishes, such as oysters and bivalves, compared to finfishes 43 , 48 . The presence of proteins in the human body helps to repair damaged tissues and other important biochemical and anatomical 49 – 51 .…”

Domestication, Growth Performance, Length-weight Relationship and Chemical Composition of Land Crab (Cardisomaarmatum) Fed With Compounded Feeds of Plant and Animal Proteins

“…Although the distribution of moisture content in any organism mostly influences the amount of protein content present, the unequal distribution of moisture makes it difficult to eliminate as it is attached to the protein [14]. Crude fat is necessary for body building, helps dissolve essential vitamins, and accelerates the activities of some biological body functions [15]. Fat also appears to generate higher energy than those obtained in carbohydrates and proteins.…”

“…A high amount of sodium was recorded in C. armatum fed plant-based compound diets and showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). Elegbede et al [15] asserted that sodium availability enhances stabilization of the body pH and is required to form precipitates. The highest potassium content was obtained in C. armatum fed animal-based compound diets and showed a significant difference (P < 0.05), while relatively similar amounts of potassium content were recorded in C. armatum fed complete (6.11 mg/kg) and plant-based (6.40 mg/kg) compound diets.…”