Chemical compositions, properties, and standards for different generation biodiesels: A review

Singh, Diksha; Sharma, Sumit; Soni, Shyam Lal; Kumari, Deepika

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.04.174

Cited by 304 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The values of the physicochemical properties of residual babassu oil and free fatty acids are very close to the oils studied in the literature by Singh et al (2019) [58] and Mihaela (2013) [57] (Table 3), so that babassu residual oil could be further explored as a raw material in the production of biodiesel. Table 4 presents the conditions proposed by the experimental design to determine the temperature, time, molar ratio (FFAs/alcohol) and biocatalyst content for the production of biodiesel using the free fatty acids from residual babassu oil, ethanol and Novozym ® 435 as biocatalyst.…”

Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of the Residual Babassu Oilsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The saponification index aims to establish the degree of deterioration of oils and fats; its main function is to verify adulterations by low quality oils, the lower the molecular weight of fatty acids, the higher their saponification rate [64]. In the studies carried out by (Singh et al 2019) [58], the authors determined the values for the saponification index of some oilseed plants most used in the production of biodiesel. In their studies, oil from canola showed a value of 111.61 mgKOH/g, oil from sunflower 129.54 mgKOH/g, oil from soybean of 109.17 mgKOH/g.…”

Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of the Residual Babassu Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viscosity is an important specification to define the flow capacity of the fuel [87]. When the viscosity has a high value, an inadequate atomization is created in the fuel, which causes the deposition of dirt and reduces the thermal efficiency [58]. Among the properties of biodiesel, the lowest acid value and the highest ester content in biodiesel propose that the lipase-catalyzed process is a promising alternative to the chemically catalyzed process [58].…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of the Production of Enzymatic Biodiesel from Residual Babassu Oil (Orbignya sp.) via RSM

et al. 2020

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Residual oil from babassu (Orbignya sp.), a low-cost raw material, was used in the enzymatic esterification for biodiesel production, using lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym® 435) and ethanol. For the first time in the literature, residual babassu oil and Novozym® 435 are being investigated to obtain biodiesel. In this communication, response surface methodology (RSM) and a central composite design (CCD) were used to optimize the esterification and study the effects of four factors (molar ratio (1:1–1:16, free fatty acids (FFAs) /alcohol), temperature (30–50 °C), biocatalyst content (0.05–0.15 g) and reaction time (2–6 h)) in the conversion into fatty acid ethyl esters. Under optimized conditions (1:18 molar ratio (FFAs/alcohol), 0.14 g of Novozym® 435, 48 °C and 4 h), the conversion into ethyl esters was 96.8%. It was found that after 10 consecutive cycles of esterification under optimal conditions, Novozym® 435 showed a maximum loss of activity of 5.8%, suggesting a very small change in the support/enzyme ratio proved by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and insignificant changes in the surface of Novozym® 435 proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after the 10 consecutive cycles of esterification.

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Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of the Residual Babassu Oilsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of the Residual Babassu Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Reaction Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of the Production of Enzymatic Biodiesel from Residual Babassu Oil (Orbignya sp.) via RSM

et al. 2020

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“…Cleveland open cup apparatus was used for flash point and fire point determination . The lower temperature at which a fuel ignites briefly, but the vapor generated may not be sufficient to sustain the fire is called flash point, and the lowest temperature at which the vapor of the fuel continues to burn for at least 5 s after ignition by an open flame of standard dimension is called fire point …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and evaluation of calcined limestone as catalyst in biodiesel production from high viscous nonedible oil

Bharadwaj

Niju

Begum

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Biodiesel production by transesterification of rubber seed oil (RSO) using calcium oxide (CaO) derived from calcined limestone as a heterogeneous catalyst is presented in this study. Optimization of process parameters affecting the conversion of RSO to biodiesel is done by design of experiments (DOE) and an effective comparison of two different optimization methods, namely, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) is presented. A high conversion of 95.2% was obtained at 12:1 methanol: Oil molar ratio, 4 (wt%) catalyst and 5 hr of reaction time. The proposed design model of RSM is found to fit well with the predicted conversion and with molar ratio and reaction time as the significant process parameters affecting the conversion. Best validation performance of 8.8991 occurred at epoch 4 with a mean square error (MSE) of 1.55 in ANN model trained with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. By comparing the predicted coefficient of determination, R 2 , values of 0.8452 obtained by using RSM, and 0.9939 obtained by using ANN for biodiesel conversion, it is concluded that ANN model is the best model for predicting the percentage conversion of RSO to biodiesel with minimum error between experimental and predicted values. K E Y W O R D S artificial neural networks, biodiesel, limestone, optimization, response surface methodology, transesterification

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“…Property Unit ASTM D-6751 limit [31] ES biodiesel Petro-diesel [32], [33] Jatropha FAME [34], [35] Pongamia FAME [29] Acid…”

Section: Table-3: Physicochemical Properties Of Es Biodiesel Comparimentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biodiesel from Eruca Sativa (Taramira) and Its Utilization in DI Diesel Engine for Examining the Exhaust Emissions

Hussain*,

Biradar

2020

IJRTE

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Increasing demand of the carbon fuels in daily life and the global environmental degradation has led to the biodiesel production from non-edible oils because they has high potential as ecological, clean, facile and renewable fuel. In present study, oil is extracted from dried Eruca sativa seeds using mechanical expellers, the oil yield obtained is calculated. By alkaline transesterification, the obtained oil is converted into biodiesel. The physicochemical properties of Eruca sativa biodiesel are tested following ASTM test methods, all the properties satisfies and meet the ASTM D-6751 biodiesel standard specifications. The gas chromatography technique is used for the analysis of fatty acid composition of the biodiesel, which shows that the erucic acid has higher percentage composition. Emission characteristics (i.e. carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydro carbon, nitrogen oxide and smoke) of diesel engine are analyzed for the biodiesel and its blends (i.e. B10, B20, B30, B40 and B100) and are compared with the petroleum diesel. From the emission results obtained it is observed that, the CO and CO2 emissions are lower for B10 and B20 blends whereas the HC emissions are lesser than diesel for all the blends. For B10, B20 and B30 blends the NOX emission and smoke opacity has been reduced when compared to diesel.

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Chemical compositions, properties, and standards for different generation biodiesels: A review

Cited by 304 publications

References 148 publications

Optimization of the Production of Enzymatic Biodiesel from Residual Babassu Oil (Orbignya sp.) via RSM

Optimization of the Production of Enzymatic Biodiesel from Residual Babassu Oil (Orbignya sp.) via RSM

Performance and evaluation of calcined limestone as catalyst in biodiesel production from high viscous nonedible oil

Production of Biodiesel from Eruca Sativa (Taramira) and Its Utilization in DI Diesel Engine for Examining the Exhaust Emissions

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