Chemical Compounds, Antitumor and Antimicrobial Activities of Dry Ethanol Extracts from Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm

Abstract

Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. is used in traditional medicine and has various established biological activities, however, the species is considered to be a potentially invasive alien tree species for Bulgarian flora. However, there is still much to be studied about the phytochemical and biological characteristics of the species. The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the ethanol extracts of aerial plant parts, by GC-MS analysis, and to thereby evaluate their in vitro antitumor and antibacterial properties. All three extracts were tested against the HT-29 and PC3 tumor cell lines using the MTT assay. Fifty-six components were identified from leaf, flower, and stem bark extracts, and over 10% were the following constituents: pyrogallol, α-terpinyl acetate, neryl acetate, and α-terpinyl isobutanoate. The oxygenated monoterpenes predominated in the extracts, followed by the oxygenated aliphatics and phenylpropanoids. Significant antiproliferative activity on the HT-29 cell line (IC50–21.44 µg/mL and 23.63 µg/mL, respectively) was found for the flower and leaf extracts. Antibacterial activity was established for the following bacteria strains: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus NCTC 10320, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 6027, and Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6380. The stem bark and flower extracts showed better antimicrobial potential. K. paniculata could be considered as a potential source of biologically active substances with antitumor and antibacterial properties.

Antioxidant and DNA-Protective Potentials, Main Phenolic Compounds, and Microscopic Features of Koelreuteria paniculata Aerial Parts

“…Various mechanisms of antimicrobial action of catechins are described by Górniak et al [ 42 ]. In this study, catechin was found only in the stem bark, which may be related to the most effective antibacterial activity reported in our previous study [ 27 ]. Epicatechin, which was also a well-represented flavonoid in the bark, is probably also relevant to the proven antimicrobial effect of this plant extract.…”

“…Its efficacy has been proven in vivo for various cancers (cervical cancer, leukemia, breast, prostate, liver, colon cancers, and glioblastoma). We also proved significant in vitro antiproliferative activity on the HT-29 cell line (human colon adenocarcinoma) for flower and leaf extracts [ 27 ]. The comparison between the amounts of flavonoids detected by HPLC-analysis and the antitumor activity found shows that the content of rutin is highest in these two plant parts (flowers and leaves) of all flavonoids, which gives us reason to assume its direct participation in the observed biological activity.…”

“…Our previous studies have supplemented the knowledge about the essential oil content and chemical composition of ethanol extracts from the aerial parts of the species [ 26 , 27 ]. The rich composition of terpenes, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids played a determining role in the antibacterial and antitumor activities proven by us.…”

Koelreuteria paniculata Seed Oil—A Rich Natural Source of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Phytocompounds with DNA Protective Potential

“…Antioxidant activities of K. paniculata have been reported for different fractions of leaf extracts [4,17,18], carotenoid fraction of flowers [21], and extracts from aerial plant parts [20]. Antiproliferative activity of K. paniculata extracts and carotenoid fraction against HT-29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma), MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer cells), and PC3 (prostate carcinoma) tumor cell lines were also reported [21,22].…”

10th Anniversary of Plants—Recent Advances and Further Perspectives

“…This group includes articles [1,2,7,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], communications [27,28], and review papers [5,6,11,[29][30][31][32][33][34] with significant results applicable both in science and practice. The biology and ecology of plant secondary metabolites, their identification, and biological and therapeutic activity from different aspects of the phytochemistry of edible, aromatic, medicinal, or potentially medicinal plants are represented in a significant number of articles [3,8,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], as well as review papers [9,50,…”