Chemical constituents and biological activity of Euglena gracilis extracts

Euglenoid flagellates: A multifaceted biotechnology platform

“…Euglena biomass can be produced photoautotrophically, photoheterotropically or heterotropically in synthetic media using a large number of carbon sources including glucose, galactose, fructose, ethanol, methanol, glycerol, pyruvate, succinate, lactate, acetate and propionate as the sole source of carbon and energy for growth (Chae et al, 2006;Cramer and Myers, 1952;Fujita et al, 2008;Hutner et al, 1956;Kitaya et al, 2005;Oda et al, 1982;Ogbonna et al, 1998Ogbonna et al, , 1999Rodriguez-Zavala et al, 2006, 2010Santek et al, 2009;Takeyama et al, 1997;Tolivia et al, 2013). Euglena can also use undefined media such as potato liquor (Santek et al, 2010(Santek et al, , 2012, a waste stream product generated during starch production from potatoes, as the sole source of carbon and inorganic compounds required for growth producing biomass concentrations in excess of 20 g/L in batch culture.…”

Long-term feeding with Euglena gracilis cells modulates immune responses, oxidative balance and metabolic condition in Diplodon chilensis (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Hyriidae) exposed to living Escherichia coli

“…On the other hand, exogenous antioxidants, such as flavonoids, provided by E. gracilis cells [6] may complement the action of antioxidant enzymes. This could explain the reduced activities of gill GST, and gill and digestive gland CAT, in fed nonchallenged EG mussels.…”

The effect of β‐1,3‐glucan derived from Euglena gracilis (Algamune™) on the innate immunological responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

“…Euglena is a microalgae that can be used as a bioremediation tool to treat waste water from agriculture and the sugar industry (Barsanti, Passarelli, Evangelista, Frassanito, & Gualtieri, 2011). Under heterotrophic conditions, this algae can store large quantities of paramylon, a linear polymer β-1,3 glucan, in their cytoplasm, (Barsanti, Vismara, Passarelli, & Gualtieri, 2001;Skov, Kania, Holten-Andersen, Fouz, & Buchmann, 2012;Tolivia, Conforti, Córdoba, & Flores, 2013). The high purity and crystallinity of Euglena β-glucan facilitate the isolation and purification processes at low cost (Barsanti et al, 2011).…”

“…In addition, crude Euglena can also be considered as a feed additive, not only for supplying paramylon but also for being a highly nutritious food source. It can provide high levels of protein, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins, thereby making it a promising nutraceutical candidate for the aquafeed industry (Barsanti, Bastianini, Passarelli, Tredici, & Gualtieri, 2000; Barsanti et al, 2001;Schwarzhans et al, 2015;Tolivia et al, 2013;Watanabe et al, 2013).…”