Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Anti-MMPs, and Anti-Hyaluronidase Activities of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. Leaf Extracts for Skin Aging and Skin Damage Prevention

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the potential usage of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. leaf extracts in the cosmetic industry. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and hyaluronidase inhibition of T. laurifolia leaf extracts, prepared using reflux extraction with deionized water (RE) and 80% v/v ethanol using Soxhlet's apparatus (SE), were determined. Rosmarinic acid, phenolics, and flavonoids contents were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, Folin-Ciocalteu, and aluminum chloride colorimetric assays, respectively. Antioxidant activities were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and linoleic acid-thiocyanate assays. MMP-1 inhibition was investigated using enzymatic and fluorescent reactions, whereas MMP-2, MMP-9, and hyaluronidase inhibition were investigated using gel electrophoresis. Cytotoxicity on human fibroblast cell line was also investigated. The results demonstrated that SE contained significantly higher content of rosmarinic acid (5.62% ± 0.01%) and flavonoids (417 ± 25 mg of quercetin/g of extract) but RE contained a significantly higher phenolics content (181 ± 1 mg of gallic acid/g of extract; p < 0.001). SE possessed higher lipid peroxidation inhibition but less DPPH • scavenging activity than RE. Both extracts possessed comparable hyaluronidase inhibition. SE was as potent an MMP-1 inhibitor as gallic acid (half maximal inhibitory concentration values were 12.0 ± 0.3 and 8.9 ± 0.4 mg/cm 3 , respectively). SE showed significantly higher MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibition than RE (p < 0.05). Therefore, SE is a promising natural anti-ageing ingredient rich in rosmarinic acid and flavonoids with antioxidant, anti-hyaluronidase, and potent MMPs inhibitory effects that could be applied in the cosmetic industry.

Synthesis and biological evaluations of oleanolic acid indole derivatives as hyaluronidase inhibitors with enhanced skin permeability

“…Inhibitory effect on bovine testicular HAase activity was evaluated using a reported method with minor modifications 23 . It is noted that long HA chains and HAase may form of non-active complexes at low ionic condition, which can impede the catalytic activity of HAase and disrupt the HAase inhibition assay 24 .…”

Nutricosmetic effects of Asparagus officinalis: a potent matrix metalloproteinase-1 inhibitor

“…The total flavonoid content of A. officinalis extracts was determined using an aluminum chloride colorimetric method as previously described 35 – 37 . Briefly, 100 µL of each sample solution (1 mg/mL) was added to 20 µL of 10% w/v aluminum chloride aqueous solution, 20 µL of 1.0 M potassium acetate solution, and 860 µL of deionized water, respectively.…”

“…The MMP-1 inhibitory activity of A. officinalis extracts was determined by spectrophotometric methods according to the previous studies 35 , 41 . Firstly, the enzyme activity of MMP-1 was determined before the experiment.…”

Enhancement of Phenolics Content and Biological Activities of Longan (Dimocarpus Longan Lour.) Treated with Thermal and Aging Process

“…Total avonoid content of each D. longan extracts was investigated using aluminium chloride method which has been previously described with some modi cations. 41 Firstly, 20 μl of the ethanolic solution of D. longan extracts was mixed with 80 μl of 10% w/v AlCl 3 aqueous solution and 100 μl of 1 M CH 3 COOK aqueous solution. After the resulting mixtures were incubated for 30 min in the dark, they were measured for an absorbance at 415 nm using multimode detector (SPECTROstar Nano, BMG Labtech, Offenburg, Germany).…”