CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF Agaricus gennadii

Research Advances in Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities of Mushroom Genus Fungi

“…In 2008, Itoh et al obtained a biosteroid blazein with antiproliferative properties from A. blazei Murrill subspecies and found that human lung cancer LU99 and gastric cancer KATO III cells apoptosed at a concentration of 200 μmol/L, which in turn inhibited cell growth [12]. In 2020, Wu et al identified five steroidal compounds from A. gennadii substrates, namely 5α, 6α-epoxy-(22E, 24R)-ergosta-8( 14),22-diene-3β,7α-diol,stigmast-5-en-3-ol,5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol, ergosterol, and cerevisterol, of which stigmast-5-en-3-ol was isolated from this genus for the first time [13].…”

“…In 2004, Kimura et al discovered sodium pyroglutamate from A. blazei substrates, which has strong anti-tumour and anti-metastatic effects, is an anti-angiogenic substance, and also possesses immunomodulatory activity in loaded mice [15].In 2008, Kohno et al isolated extracts from A. bisporus substrates 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one, abbreviated as APO, which possesses significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and may provide promising therapeutic strategies for T-cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune and bacterial-induced diseases [16]. In 2019, Tian et al obtained five natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulators from A. blazei substrates, 2-aminobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-hydroxybenzothiazole, 2,2′-dithiobis(benzothiazole), and 6-methylisoquinoline, four of which are benzothiazole derivatives, suggesting that A. blazei may be one of the dietary sources of natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulators [17].In 2020, Wu et al obtained adenosine, 1-phenazinecarboxylic acid from A. gennadii substrates, with 1-phenazinecarboxylic acid was isolated for the first time from this genus [13].…”

“…In 2016, Ragasa et al isolated trilinolein and linoleic acid from A. blazei subspecies [13], trilinolein has been reported to have a protective effect against cardiovascular diseases [21], and linoleic acid reduces the risk of colon and breast cancers [22]. 2018.…”

“…In 2005, Stadler et al obtained nine agaric acid glycerides from A. macrosporus mycelium, namely agaricoglyceride A, agaricoglyceride B, agaricoglyceride C, agaricoglyceride D, (3,5dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl)methanol, 3,5-dichloro-4-anisic acid, agaric ester, monoacetyl-agaricoglycerides A (separated into inseparable mixtures), and all compounds had a positive effect on neurolysin and angiotensin-converting enzyme, with IC 50 = 0.2 μmol/L for agaricoglyceride A and 0.05 μmol/L for monoacetyl-agaricoglycerides in the anti-neurolysin [26].In 2008, Barros et al used normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the content of tocopherol in the ascospores of A. arvensis, A. bisporus, A. romagnesii, A. silvaticus and A. silvicola, and the results showed that all five species of fungi contained α-tocopherol, and except A. romagnesii, four fungi contained β-tocopherol [27].In 2011, Ueguchi et al identified two phenylhexane derivatives from A. blazei substrates, 1-[4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl]hexan-1-ol and 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phenyl-n-hexan-1-one, both of them showed moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with IC 50 39.2 ± 5.68 μmol/L and 28.9 ± 2.06 μmol/L, respectively [11]. In 2013, Dong et al obtained brefeldin A, an active component of Erk1/2 with oestrogenic activity from A. blazei mycelium [28].In 2016, Hammann et al identified an ester, drimenol linoleic acid ester, from A. blazei substrates using GCMS [29].In 2018, Waqas identified seven compounds from A. blazei substrates by GCMS, such as 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester et al and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester inhibited Streptomyces intermedius and Fusarium spinosum by 44% and 50% [23].In 2020, Wu et al obtained fourteen other types of compounds from A. gennadii, such as macrosphelide A, 7-acetyl-4-methyl-1-azulenecarboxylic acid et al [13].…”

Size-resolved genomic characterization of fungal bioaerosols with emphasis on the diversity among host-specific pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal species

“…Only 5 and 2 OTUs were observed in phases 1 and 2, respectively. Among these species, Agaricus gennadii, Flammulina velutipes, and Lentinus squarrosulus, which are considered an important food supplement from ancient times due to their rich nutritional value (Wu et al 2020), were observed only in phase 1 (Fig. 8a).…”