Chemical Constituents of Cultured Soft Coral Sinularia flexibilis

Sandensolide Induces Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Oral Cancer Cells and in Zebrafish Xenograft Model

“…Another natural product isolated from Sinularia flexibilis , sinularin, has been shown to possess antineoplastic activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma [ 40 ] and gastric carcinoma [ 36 ]. Sandensolide isolated from the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis [ 18 ] is the first compound discovered there to possess cytotoxicity against OSCC cells.…”

“…The marine natural compound, sandensolide, was isolated from the soft coral S. flexibilis as described [ 18 ] and kindly provided by Prof. Chung-Yi Chen (National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan). The following compounds were obtained from Gibco BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA): DMEM medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypan blue, penicillin G, and streptomycin.…”

“…3β, 11-dihydroxy-9,11-secogorgost-5-en-9-one from soft coral induces apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells [ 17 ]. Sandensolide was isolated from the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis [ 18 ]. However, no studies have investigated the effects of sandensolide in the treatment of cancer.…”

A Brief Review on New Naturally Occurring Cembranoid Diterpene Derivatives from the Soft Corals of the Genera Sarcophyton, Sinularia, and Lobophytum Since 2016

“…Different fractions originate the cembranoid compounds, which can be subjected to semi- or preparative HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). The identification of compounds is generally made through 1 H-NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance), 13 C-NMR (Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance), one dimensional and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D-NMR and 2D-NMR) including 1 H- 1 H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY spectra (Correlation Spectroscopy, Heteronuclear Multiple-Quantum Correlation, Heteronuclear Multiple-Bond Correlation Spectroscopy, Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy, respectively), Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Electronic Circular Dichroism (TDDFT/ECD), Density Functional Theory (DFT)/NMR calculations, FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectrosocopy), single crystal X-ray diffraction, and LC-MS-IT-TOF (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-ion trap-time-of-flight) [ 9 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Natural Products from Octocorals of the Genus Dendronephthya (Family Nephtheidae)

“…Steroid 110 was lethal to cyprids of B. amphitrite at 100 µ g/mL (LD100) but did not inhibit larval settlement of B. amphitrite [105]. A chemical examination of a soft coral identified as Dendronephthya sp., collected from the inner coral reef in Sanya Bay, Hainan Island of China, resulted in the isolation of 20 cembrane-type diterpenoids [120], including 15 new metabolites, dendronpholides C-F (130-133), I-R (134)(135)(136)(137)(138)(139)(140)(141)(142)(143), and (-)-sandensolide (144) (an enantiomer of sandensolide) [120][121][122][123][124], along with five known compounds, 11-episinulariolide (145) [125][126][127][128][129][130], and sinulaflexiolides E, F, J, K (146)(147)(148)(149) [128] ( Figure 22). The structures of all isolates 130-149 were determined through spectroscopic methods and by comparison with those reported in literature [120].…”